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1、2022年考博英语-合肥工业大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题As far as I know, the clerk has _ $1,000 to the collection for the mental institution.问题1选项A.enlistedB.embezzledC.dissipatedD.subscribed【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A项enlist“支持，从军，应募”，B项embezzle“盗用，挪用，贪污”，C项dissipate“浪费，使消散”，D项subscribe“订阅，捐款，认购”。根据关键词$1,000可知collection表示“募
2、捐”，所以用subscribe符合语境。句意：据我所知，那位职员已为那家精神病院捐款一千元。因此，该题选择D项正确。2. 翻译题“Intelligence” at best is an assumptive construct the meaning of the word has never been clear. (1) There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term than there is on how to interpret or classify them. But it is g
3、enerally agreed that a person of high intelligence is one who can grasp ideas readily, make distinctions, reason logically, and make use of verbal and mathematical symbols in solving problems. An intelligence test is a rough measure of a childs capacity for learning, particularly for learning the ki
4、nds of things required in school. It does not measure character, social adjustment, physical endurance, manual skills, or artistic abilities. It is not supposed toit was not designed for such purposes. (2) To criticize it for such failure is roughly, comparable to criticizing a thermometer for not m
5、easuring wind velocity.The other thing we have to notice is/that the assessment of the intelligence of any subject is essentially a comparative affair. (3) Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provide
6、s a “valid” or “fair” comparison. It is here that some of the difficulties which interest us begin. Any test performed involves at least three factors: the intention to do ones best, the knowledge required for understanding what you have to do, and the intellectual ability to do it (4) The first two
7、 must be equal for all who being compared) if any comparison in terms of intelligence is to be made. In school populations in our culture these assumptions can be made fair and reasonable, and the value of intelligence testing has been proved thoroughly. Is value lies of course, in its providing a s
8、atisfactory basis for prediction. No one is in the least interested in the marks a little child gets on his test; what we are interested in is whether we can conclude from his mark on the test that the child will do better or worse than children of this age at tasks which we think require “general i
9、ntelligence”. (5)On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude/towards the test as the other with whom he is being compared; and only if he was not punished by lack, of relevant information which the
10、y possessed.【答案】1.人们对与智能有关的各种行为，比对这些行为如何进行解释和分类，看法更不一致。2.批评智力测试不反映上述情况，就犹如批评温度计不测风速一样。3.既然对智力的评估是比较而言的，那么我们必须确保，在对我们的对象进行比较时，我们所用的尺度能提供“有效的”或“公平的”比较。4.如果要从智力方面进行任何比较的话，那么对所有被比较者来说，前两个因素必须是一样的。5.总的来说，得出这种结论是有一定程度把握的，但是必须具备两个条件：能够假定这个孩子对测试的态度和与他比较的其他孩子的态度相同；他也没有因为缺乏别的孩子所具有的有关知识而被扣分。3. 单选题She makes no
11、_ of then affair in public and he understands that he is not to refer to it with these new acquaintances.问题1选项A.acknowledgmentB.concealmentC.complimentD.amendment【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A项acknowledgment“感谢，承认，承认书”，B项concealment“隐藏，隐蔽，隐匿处”，C项compliment“恭维，称赞，问候”，D项amendment“修正案，改善，改正”。根据he understands that h
12、e is not to refer to it with these new acquaintances“他知道他不能和这些新认识的人谈论这件事”可知，makes no _中的空格处应该表示“没有承认”。句意：她没有公开承认那件事，他知道他不能和这些新认识的人提起这件事。因此，该题选择A项正确。4. 单选题It is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of petrol and the quick pace of modern life, but manners on the roads are becoming horrible. E
13、verybody knows that the nicest men become monsters behind the wheel. It is all very well, again, to have a tiger in the tank, but to have one in the drivers seat is another matter altogether. You might tolerate the odd road-hog, the rude and inconsiderate, but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is
14、the exception to the rule. Perhaps the situation calls for “Be Kind to Other Drivers Campaign,” otherwise it may get completely out of hand.Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense too. It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge whe
15、n subjected to uncivilized behavior. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards relieving the tensions of motoring. A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgment in response to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modem traffic
16、 conditions. But such acknowledgments of politeness are all too rare today. Many drivers nowadays dont even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous. Typical examples are the driver who brakes violently to allow a car to emerge from a side street at some hazard to following traffic, when a fe
