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1、ap宏观经济学知识点ap宏观经济学知识点】开考科目：详情查看请点击：【】【新航道提供免费服务，优先抢考位，如需代报名，详情查看：或者在线咨询我们的老师】六、ap经济学考试中的十三大要点1 、fundamentalsofeconomicanalysisscarceresourcesproductionpossibilitiesfunctionsofeconomicsystems2 、demand,supply,marketequilibrium,andwelfareanalysisdemandsupplymarketequilibriumwelfareanalysis3 、elasticity,
2、microeconomicpolicy,andconsumertheoryelasticitymicroeconomicpolicyandapplicationsofelasticityconsumerchoice4 、thefirm,profit,andthecostsofproductionfirms,opportunitycosts,andprofitsproductionandcost5 、marketstructures,perfectcompetition,monopoly,andthingsbetweenperfectcompetitionmonopolymonopolistic
3、competitionoligopoly6 、factormarketsfactordemandleast-costhiringofmultipleinputsfactorsupplyandmarketequilibriumimperfectcompetitioninproductandfactormarkets7 、publicgoods,externalities,andtheroleofgovernmentpublicgoodsandspilloverbenefitspollutionandspillovercostsincomedistributionandtaxstructures8
4、 、macroeconomicmeasuresofperformancethecircularflowmodelaccountingforoutputandincomeinflationandtheconsumerpriceindexunemployment9 、consumption,saving,investment,andthemultiplierconsumptionandsavinginvestmentthemultipliereffect10 、aggregatedemandandaggregatesupplyaggregatedemandaggregatesupplymacroe
5、conomicequilibriumthetrade-offbetweeninflationandunemployment11 、fiscalpolicy,economicgrowth,andproductivityexpansionaryandcontractionaryfiscalpolicydifficultiesoffiscalpolicyeconomicgrowthandproductivity12 、money,banking,andmonetarypolicymoneyandfinancialassetsfractionalreservebankingandmoneycreati
6、onmonetarypolicy13 、internationaltradecomparativeadvantageandgainsfromtradebalanceofpaymentsforeignexchangeratestradebarriers【篇二：ap宏观经济学知识点】阅读，只需一秒。精彩，尽在掌握！今天和明天主页君将给大家带来ap经济学两连发！今天是宏观经济学，主页君约了一个叫leo的学霸给大家整理了考点的的精髓，最后还有宏观经济学最重要的5张图，祝大家怒考5分！昨天微信好像抽风了，一部分小伙伴没收到统计的福利，现在回复统计就能看到啦！macroecon1macroeconomic
7、s:branchofeconomicsthatfocusoneconomyasawhole2microeconomics:branchofeconomicsthatanalyzeinpgdp3gdppercapita:gdp/population.ameasurementoflivingstandard.4 gdp=c+i+g+nx5 consumption:(a)onlyfinalgoodcounts:anyintermediategoodarenotcountedtopreventdoublecount(b) resaleisnotcounted:peopleknowtheycanresa
8、leitlatersothevalueofthatgoodisnotashighasthepriceshows.(c) transactionwithoutmoneydoesnotcount(d) undergroundeconomydoesnotcountinvestment:purchaseofequipment,newconstructionandunsoldinventories(存货)governmentspending:allspendingongoodsorservices,export:export:producedbutnotconsumedinacountry,doesno
9、tmatterifaforeignerproducesthem.import:consumedbutnotproducedinacountry.gdpcanbeanoverstatementoflifeifnegativeexternalityexists.itcanbeanunderstatementoflifegdp=wages+rent+interest+profitinflation6inflation:anincreaseintheoverallpricelevel=decreaseofpurchasepowerofcurrency7 whenincreasingmoneysuppl
10、y,realwealthshiftstomoneymaker8 moneyneutrality:aponetimechangeinmoneysupplywillhavenorealeffectinthelongrun.9 shoeleathercosts:theeffortmadetodecreasetheeffectofinflation.likewithdrawingmoneytopurchaserealgood.10 menucosts:causeofpricestickiness.thereiscosttochangepricesocompanywillnotchangepriceim
11、mediatelyuntilmbmc11 contract:causeofwagestickiness,usuallyforayear12 rationalexpectation:peopleexpectinflationandactaccordingly.theaverageerrorofexpectationiszero.13 gdpdeflator:onewaytocalculateinflation:p14cpi:takesafixedbasketofgoodandcalculatetheirprice15.cpivs.gdpdeflator:cpionlylooksatconsume
12、rgoods.alsopeopletendtobuylessofonethingifpriceincreasessocpiisnotaccurate.acommonproblemforbothwaysisthattheydonottakeintoaccountthequality.agoodwithbetterqualitynowisstillcountedthesameasbefore.16.deflation:inflationisnegative.itisveryharmfulasinterestratecannotbelowerthanzero.unemployment15people
13、employed/totallaborforce=unemploymentrate16 thosenotlookingforajob,tooyoungandprisonerorpatientarenotcountedinlaborforce17 discouragedworker:peoplewhogiveuplookingforajob.morediscouragedworkerscanincreaseemploymentrate.18 typesofunemployment:seasonal,structural,frictionalandcyclical.seasonal,structu
14、ralandfrictionalareunavoidablesonocyclicalunemploymentmeansfullemployment,ornaturalrateofunemployment.19 effectofunemployment:loweroutput(okunslaw:foreverypercentofunemploymenthigherthannaturalrate,gdpis2percentlowerthanpotential),stress,workerslosesskill,sendabadsignaltoemployer20 biasaboutunemploy
15、ment:theleisurepeopleexperiencewhennothavingajobdecreasethenegativeeffectofunemployment.however,thelifeisstressfulandpeoplemayspendsomeofthetimelookingforajobandthesefactorsmakethingsworse.aggregatedemandegatedemand21ad:totalexpenditureinacountry22adisdownwardslopingbecause:(a)wealtheffect:thehigherthepricelevel,thelessyoucanbuywithafixedamountofmoney(b) interestrateeffect:higherpricelevelcarrymoremoneylesssavingshigherinterestratelowerinvestment(c) exchangerateeffect:higherpricelevel
