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1、Justice：Whats the Right Thing to Do with Michael Sandel 1-4 哈佛大学公共课公正：该如何做是好 1-4英中字幕 制作：沈金河()说明：本字幕文件未经过实际视频验证，请在下载前小试一段。第一讲 杀人的道德侧面This is a course about justice这是一门讨论公正的课程and we begin with a story.我们以一则故事作为引子Suppose youre the driver of a trolley car,假设你是一名电车司机and your trolley car is hurtling down
2、the track你的电车以60英里/小时的速度at 60 miles an hour.在轨道上飞驰And at the end of the track you notice突然发现在轨道的尽头five workers working on the track.有五名工人正在施工You try to stop but you cant,你无法让电车停下来your brakes dont work.因为刹车坏了You feel desperate你此时极度绝望because you know因为你深知that if you crash into these five workers,如果电车撞
3、向那五名工人they will all die.他们全都会死Lets assume you know that for sure.假设你对此确信无疑And so you feel helpless你极为无助until you notice that there is, off to the right,直到你发现 在轨道的右侧a side track有一条侧轨and at the end of that track,而在侧轨的尽头there is one worker working on the track.只有一名工人在那施工Your steering wheel works,而你的方向盘
4、还没坏so you can turn the trolley car,只要你想if you want to, onto the side track就可以把电车转到侧轨上去killing the one but sparing the five.牺牲一人挽救五人性命Heres our first question:下面是我们的第一个问题:whats the right thing to do?何为正确的选择What would you do?换了你会怎么做Lets take a poll.我们来做个调查How many would turn the trolley car onto the s
5、ide track?有多少人会把电车开到侧轨上去Raise your hands.请举手How many wouldnt? How many would go straight ahead?有多少人会让电车继续往前开Keep your hands up, those of you who would go straight ahead.选择往前开的 请不要把手放下A handful of people would,只有少数人选择往前开the vast majority would turn.绝大多数都选择转弯Lets hear first,我们先来听听大家的说法now we need to b
6、egin to investigate the reasons探究一下为何why you think its the right thing to do.你们会认为这是正确的选择Lets begin with those in the majority who would turn to go onto the side track.先从大多数选择了转向侧轨的同学开始Why would you do it?为何会这样选择What would be your reason?理由是什么Whos willing to volunteer a reason?有没有自告奋勇的Go ahead. Stan
7、d up.你来 站起来告诉大家Because it cant be right to kill five people我认为当可以只牺牲一个人时when you can only kill one person instead.牺牲五人不是正确之举It wouldnt be right to kill five if you could kill one person instead.当可以只牺牲一人时 牺牲五人不是正确之举Thats a good reason.这理由不错Thats a good reason.不错Who else?还有其他人吗Does everybody agree wit
8、h that reason?人人都赞同这个理由Go ahead.你来Well I was thinking its the same reason on 9/11我认为这和911的时候是一种情况with regard to the people who flew the plane into the Pennsylvania field as heroes那些让飞机在宾州坠毁的人 被视为英雄because they chose to kill the people on the plane因为他们选择了牺牲自己and not kill more people in big buildings.
9、而不是让飞机撞向大楼牺牲更多人So the principle there was the same on 9/11.这么看来这条原则和911的是一样的Its a tragic circumstance虽然是悲剧but better to kill one so that five can live,但牺牲一人保全五人依然是更正确的选择is that the reason most of you had, those of you who would turn? Yes?这就是大多数人选择把电车开上侧轨的理由吗Lets hear now from those in the minority,现
10、在我们来听听少数派的意见those who wouldnt turn.那些选择不转弯的Yes.你来Well, I think thats the same type of mentality that justifies genocide我认为这与为种族灭绝以及极权主义正名and totalitarianism.是同一种思维模式In order to save one type of race,为了一个种族能生存下来you wipe out the other.以灭绝另一个种族为代价So what would you do in this case?那换了是你在这种情况下会怎么做You wou
11、ld, to avoid the horrors of genocide,为了避免骇人听闻的种族灭绝you would crash into the five and kill them?你打算直接开上去把这五个人撞死吗Presumably, yes.大概会吧- You would? - Yeah.-真的会吗 -对Okay. Who else?好吧 还有谁Thats a brave answer. Thank you.很有勇气的回答 谢谢Lets consider another trolley car case我们来考虑一下另一种情况的例子and see whether看看你们those o
12、f you in the majority大多数的人want to adhere to the principle会不会继续坚持刚才的原则better that one should die so that five should live.即牺牲一人保全五人是更好的选择This time youre not the driver of the trolley car,这次你不再是电车司机了youre an onlooker.只是一名旁观者Youre standing on a bridge overlooking a trolley car track.你站在一座桥上 俯瞰着电车轨道And
13、down the track comes a trolley car,电车沿着轨道从远处驶来at the end of the track are five workers,轨道的尽头有五名工人the brakes dont work,电车刹车坏了the trolley car is about to careen into the five and kill them.这五名工人即将被撞死And now, youre not the driver, you really feel helpless但你不是电车司机 你真的爱莫能助until you notice standing next t
14、o you,直到你发现 在你旁边leaning over the bridge靠着桥站着的is a very fat man.是个超级大胖子And you could give him a shove.你可以选择推他一把He would fall over the bridge onto the track他就会摔下桥right in the way of the trolley car.正好摔在电车轨道上挡住电车He would die but he would spare the five.他必死无疑 但可以救那五人的性命Now,现在how many would push the fat
15、man over the bridge?有多少人会选择把那胖子推下桥Raise your hand.请举手How many wouldnt?有多少人不会Most people wouldnt.大多数人不会这么做Heres the obvious question.一个显而易见的问题出现了What became of the principle我们牺牲一人保全五人的这条原则better to save five lives even if it means sacrificing one?到底出了什么问题呢What became of the principle第一种情况时that almost everyone endo
