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1、2022年考博英语-沈阳药科大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题Fresh water is a finite and vulnerable resource, essential to sustain life, development and the environment.问题1选项A.likely to failB.likely to accumulateC.likely to improveD.likely to enhance【答案】A【解析】考查上下文语义。A选项likely to fail“可能会失败”；B选项likely to accumulate“可能会积累”
2、；C选项likely to improve“可能会改善”；D选项likely to enhance“可能会提高”。句意：淡水是有限和_的资源，对维持生命、发展和环境至关重要。根据句意，该词形容的是“淡水资源”，说明淡水的特性，A选项最符合语境，原文vulnerable“易受伤害的；脆弱的”。因此，本题最佳选项为A。2. 单选题The use of force must always be a last _; discussing or promoting military options is unwise and may be counterproductive.问题1选项A.destina
3、tionB.resortC.electionD.mitigation【答案】B【解析】考查上下文语义。A选项destination“目的地，终点”；B选项resort“手段”；C选项election“选举；当选；选择权”；D选项mitigation“缓和；平静”。句意：使用武力必须永远是最后的_；讨论或推动选择军事行动是不明智的，而且可能适得其反。根据后面一句，本句表达的是争取不使用武力，B选项resort“手段”最符合语境。注意C选项election没有“选择”的意思，不能选。因此，本题最佳选项为B。3. 单选题Seven Ways to Save the WorldForget the o
4、ld idea that conserving energy is a form of self-denial-riding bicycles, dimming the lights, and taking fewer showers. These days conservation is all about efficiency: getting the same-or better-results from just a fraction of the energy. When a slump in business travel forced Ulrich Romer to cut co
5、sts at his family-owned hotel in Germany, he replaced hundreds of the hotels wasteful light bulbs, getting the same light for 80 percent less power. He bought a new water boiler with a digitally controlled pump, and wrapped insulation around the pipes. Spending about 100,000 on these and other impro
6、vements, he slashed his 90,000 fuel and power bill by 60,000. As a bonus, the hotels lower energy needs have reduced its annual carbon emissions by more than 200 metric tons. “For us, saving energy has been very, very profitable,” he says. “And most importantly, were not giving up a single comfort f
7、or our guests.”Efficiency is also a great way to lower carbon emissions and help slow global warming. But the best argument for efficiency is its costor, more precisely, its profitability. Thats because quickly growing energy demand requires immense investment in new supply, not to mention the drain
8、 of rising energy prices.No wonder efficiency has moved to the top of the political agenda. On Jan. 10, the European Union unveiled a plan to cut energy use across the continent by 20 percent by 2020. Last March, China imposed a 20 percent increase in energy efficiency by 2020. Even George W. Bush,
9、the Texas oilman, is expected to talk about energy conservation in his State of the Union speech this week.The good news is that the world is full of proven, cheap ways to save energy. Here are the seven that could have the biggest impact:InsulateSpace heating and cooling eats up 36 percent of all t
10、he worlds energy. Theres virtually no limit to how much of that can be saved, as prototype “zero-energy homes” in Switzerland and Germany have shown. Theres been a surge in new ways of keeping heat in and cold out (or vice versa). The most advanced insulation follows the law of increasing returns: i
11、f you add enough, you can scale down or even eliminate heating and air-conditioning equipment, lowering costs even before you start saving on utility bills. Studies have shown that green workplaces (ones that dont constantly need to have the heat or air-conditioner running) have higher worker produc
12、tivity and lower sick rates.Change BulbsLighting eats up 20 percent of the worlds electricity, or the equivalent of roughly 600,000 tons of coal a day. Forty percent of that powers old-fashioned incandescent light bulbsa 19th-century technology that wastes most of the power it consumes on unwanted h
13、eat.Compact fluorescent lamps, or CFLs, not only use 75 to 80 percent less electricity than incandescent bulbs to generate the same amount of light, but they also last 10 times longer. Phasing old bulbs out by 2030 would save the output of 650 power plants and avoid the release of 700 million tons o
14、f carbon into the atmosphere each year.Comfort ZoneWater boilers, space heaters and air conditioners have been notoriously inefficient. The heat pump has altered that equation. It removes heat from the air outside or the ground below and uses it to supply heat to a building or its water supply. In t
15、he summer, the system can be reversed to cool buildings as well.Most new residential buildings in Sweden are already heated with ground-source heat pumps. Such systems consume almost no conventional fuel at all. Several countries have used subsidies to jump-start the market, including Japan, where a
16、lmost 1 million heat pumps have been installed in the past two years to heat water for showers and hot tubs.Remake FactoriesFrom steel mills to paper factories, industry eats up about a third of the worlds energy. The opportunities to save are vast. In Ludwigshafen, German chemicals giant BASF runs an interconnected complex of more than 200 chemi
