《2022年考博英语-中国地质大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷78》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-中国地质大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷78（33页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、2022年考博英语-中国地质大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 填空题John has a great voice, but with that cold he wont （ ）very good if he tries to sing.【答案】sound【解析】语法分析。考查系动词。he wont very good是个主系表结构，空白处应填入一个系动词, 此处填sound合适。2. 填空题When Li San went to the hospital for his （1）health check-up, the doctoronce again advised him to
2、quit smoking and （2）weight. He also told Li to get more（3）and cut down on the （4）of salt in has diet. Li has heard this many times before, but he will probably （5）the advice, （6）he has in the past. Im afraid it will take a heart attack to make him（7） his attitude.【答案】1.regular2.lose3.exercise4.amoun
3、t5.ignore6.as7.change【解析】1.语义题。regular health check-up 常规健康体检2.固定搭配。Lose weight 减肥。3.语义题。get more exercise 加强锻炼4.语义题。Amount 数量。5.语义题。Ignore the advice忽视意见。6.语义题。As 正如。7.固定搭配。change ones attitude 转变观念。3. 单选题1. For more than 50 years microbiologist in the US and Europe have warned against using antibi
4、otics to fatten up farm animals. The practice, they argue, threatens human health by turning farms into breeding grounds of drug-resistant bacteria. Farmers responded that restricting antibiotics in livestock would devastate the industry and significantly raise costs to consumers. We now have empiri
5、cal data that should resolve this debate. Sine 1995 Denmark has enforced progressively tighter rules on the use of antibiotics in the raising of pigs, poultry and other livestock. In the process, it has shown that it is possible to protect human health without hurting farmers.2. Farmers in many coun
6、tries use antibiotics in two key ways: (1) at full strength to treat animals that are sick and (2) in low doses to fatten meat-producing livestock or to prevent veterinary illnesses. (It is illegal in the US to sell milk for human consumption from dairy cattle treated with antibiotics.） Although eve
7、n the proper use of antibiotics can inadvertently lead to the spread of drug-resistant bacteria, the habit of using a low or sub-therapeutic dose is a formula for disaster: the treatment provides just enough antibiotic to kill some but not all bacteria. The germs that survive are typically those tha
8、t happen to bear genetic mutations for resisting the antibiotic. They then reproduce and exchange genes with other microbial resisters. Because bacteria are found literally everywhere, resistant strains produced in animals eventually find their way into people as well. You could hardly design a bett
9、er system for guaranteeing the spread of antibiotic resistance.3. The data from multiple studies over the years support the conclusion that low doses of antibiotics in animals increase the number of drug-resistant microbes in both animals and people. As Joshua M. Scharfstein, a principal deputy comm
10、issioner at the Food and Drug Administration, told a US congressional subcommittee last summer, You actually can trace the specific bacteria around and .find that the resistant strains in humans match the resistant strains in the animals. And this science is what led Denmark to stop sub-therapeutic
11、dosinof chickens, pigs and other farm animals.4. Although the transition unfolded smoothly in the poultry industry, the average weight of pigs fell in the first year. But after Danish farmers started leaving sows and piglets together a few weeks longer to bolster the littennates* immune systems natu
12、rally, the animals weights jumped back up, and the number of pigs per litter increased as well. The lesson is that improving animal husbandry making sure that pens, stalls and cages are properly cleaned and giving animals more room or time to mature -offsets the initial negative impact of limiting a
13、ntibiotic use. Today Danish industry reports that productivity is higher than before. Meanwhile reports of antibiotic resistance in Danish people are mixed, which shows as if we needed reminding that there are no quick fixes.5. Lest anyone argue that Denmark is too small to offer a reasonable parall
14、el to the US, consider that it is the worlds largest exporter of pork. Like US farmers, Danes raise pigs on an intensive, industrial scale. If they can figure out how to limit antibiotic use while actually increasing agricultural productivity, then so can Americans. The American Medical Association,
15、 the Infectious Diseases Society of America, the American Public Health Association, a previous FDA commissioner and many others have advised the US to follow suit. Last year the FDA published new guidelines calling for judicious use of antibiotics. Yet it ultimately left the decision on exactly whe
16、n and where to use antibiotics up to individual farmers. That laissez-faire standard is not good enough, particularly when the health of the rest of the population is at stake.6. Of course, the way veterinary antibiotics are used is not the only cause of human drug-resistant infections. Careless use of the drugs in people also contributes to the problem. But agricultural use is
