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1、一、定语从句及相关概念定语：可以由形容词、代词、数量词、名词、副词、不定代词、介词短语等来担任。如果是一个句子担任定语，那么这个句子就是定语从句。The girl who. is standing erM ary.定语从句关系词先彳丁词所指关系词在句中作用概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的 从句叫定语从句。The girl who is standing there is Mary.先行词关系词先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词。关系词：引导定语从句的词。关系词2 .作用关系代词that人/彳勿主、宾、表which物主、宾、表、定(偶)who人主、宾whom人宾whose人/物定as人/物/事情
2、主、宾、表关系副词when时间时间状语where地点地点状语why原因 原因状语3.定语从句的分类：(1) 限定性定语从句：与先行词关系密切，如果没有定语从句，主句含混不 清，不完整，限定性定语从句与先行词之间无逗号。(2) 非限定性定语从句：是先行词的一个附加语，对先行词起进一步说明作用，如果删 掉它，主句的意义仍然是完整的，非限定性定语从句与先行词之间有逗号。如：The man who/that came first is Mike.I 11 never forget the day when we first met each other.His mother does morning
3、exercises every day, which is good for her health.o二、关系代词引导的定语1关系代词的使用取决于先行词，它们的关关系代词的使用取决于先行词，它们的关系非常 密切，因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词 之后，而且它的人称、数必须和先行词一致。The woman is my mother. She is speaking at the meeting.The woman that/who is speaking at the meeting is my mother.2. 判断步骤：(1) 要判断出先行词(2)
4、 要确定关系代词(即先行词)在从句中所担任的成分(3) 要确定关系代词的人称和数注：定语从句的时态不受主句的限制The woman who(that) was spoken yesterday is my mother.定语从句的辨认与使用2. 思考步骤：(1) 找出先行词a. 确定关系代词的人称、数和性b. 确定从句位置(一般在先行词之后)(2) 确定关系代词在从句中所担任的成分以确定关系代词的格(3) 确定从句时态Do you know the boymy mother is talking to?3. 各关系代词的使用方法(1) who (whom)who代人，在从句担任主语，也可代替在
5、从句中做宾语的whom，前面不能有介 词。如有介词则必用whom (结构：介词+whom)。例如： The girl who is standing there is Mary.She is the girl who/whom I met that day.The doctor to whom she sent her frirend is very famous.注：为以下情况时，who不与that通用a. 先行词为 one(s)/anyone/those 时，用 who.b. 当先行词有较长定语时用whoI met a foreigner in the street yesterday w
6、ho could asked me questions in Chinese.c. 一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that另一个用who.The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard.d. 在there be开头的句中用who(2) whose是代词的所有格，即可代人，又可代物。I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.Please show me the bag whose cover is red.(3) that只用于限定性定语从句中
7、，介词后不能跟that，而跟which.His mother does morning exercises every day, which is good for her health.在限定性定语从句中，which和that都指物时，可通用。The picture that/which was drawn by Tom was nice.有些情况下，只能用that，而不能用which.先行词是最咼级形容词或它的前面有最咼级形容词时.先行词是序数词,或它前面有一个序数词时.主句已有疑问词who或which时先行词既有人又有物时先行词是 all, much, little, something
8、, everything, anything, nothing, none,the one 等代词时 先行词 only, any, few ,little, no, all, one of,the same , the very 等词修饰时有两个定语从句,其中一个关系代词用which,另一个用that1. Nothingcan be done has been done.2. Do you have anything you don t understand?3. This is the best TVis made in China.4. The first museumhe visited
9、 in China was the History Museum5.I ve read all the booksyou lent me.6. The famous writer and his worksthe radio broadcast have aroused great interest among thestudents.7. A victim is a person, animal or thingsuffers pain, death, harm, etc.8. Whoyou have ever seen can do it better ?9. Her bag ,inshe
10、 put all her money, has been stolen.10. This is the ring onshe spent 1000 dollars.11. Xiao Wang ,withI went to the concert, enjoy it very much.(4) which在非限定性定语从句中，只用which，不用that.在限定性定语从句中，只用which，而不用that的情况。a. 关系代词前有介词时This is the hotel in which you will stay.b. 如果有两个定语从句，其中一句的关系词是that，另一句用which.Let
11、 me show you the book that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.(5) 关系代词与介词1. 当介词放在关系代词前时，介词宾语只能用which代物，whom代人。且关系代词一 律不能省略。例如：I want to find the pen with which I wrote that letter.2. 介词在末尾时，可用that/which (代物)，that/whom/who (代人)做介词的宾语，切这 个介词宾语的关系代词往往省略。例如： The man whom/who/that/可省
12、he wants to see is in Shanghai.(6) whose的用法The riverbanks are covered with trees flows to the sea.There are in this class 20 students,are different.A. whose backgroundsB. The backgrounds of whomC. of whom the backgroundsD. the backgrounds of whose7)关系代词的省略1.条件：只在限定性定语从句中可省略。2情况：a. 关系代词在从句中担任动词宾语时b.
13、在从句中做介词的宾语，且介词在句尾例如： Here is the man that you have been looking for.c. 关系代词在从句中做表语时例如：Shanghai is no longer the city which it used to be.d.在there be句型中，先行词是way时,关系代词省略。例：I dontlike the way (that)you talk to me.三、关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词是用来引导定语从句的 作用：(1) 在定语从句中替代先行词(2) 在从句中担任状语成分，起副词和介词短语的作用(3) 起连接作用，把两个句子连接
14、成为一个带有定语从句的主从复合句 关系副词：where/when/why.各关系代词的用法： where的用法：表的地方，修饰场所、方位名词。This is the house. I was born in the house.=This is the house where I was born.先行词关系副词=This is the house which I was born in.=This is the house in which I was born.注：关系副词可等于”介词+关系副词“2. when的用法：表的时候，修饰日子年代等名词。We will never forget
15、the day when join the party.3. why的用法：表的原因，的理由。The reason why I called is to invite you to a party.注：区分与关系代词的区别，只要在定语从句中担任状语的，就是关系副词。四、由as引导的定语从句l.as可作为关系代词和关系副词来引导定语从句。suchas “像一样的”，“像之类”the sameas“和同样的在着两个句型中，as是关系代词，其中such&same做定语，修饰主句的名词、代词, 这个名词是这个定语从句的先行词，as在从句中担任主、宾、表。例如： This is the same thing as we are in need of. Such people as you say are short now.2. such assuch为代词，意思为”这样的人/物“，as修饰先行词such。 例如： This book is not
