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1、2022年考博英语-中央民族大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 不定项选择题“War is hell,” said General Sherman, a commander in the American Civil War. This statement accurately describes the bloody campaign that he waged. Yet it was this war which marked the beginning of the modern laws of warfare. At the end of the Civil War in 1
2、865 Henry Wirz, a former confederate officer, was tried and convicted for ill-treating and murdering prisoners.There had been rules before, but this war saw the introduction of a formal and comprehensive code to guide troops in the field. These ideas have been progressively refined, first in The Hag
3、ue Conventions of 1899 and 1907, and then in the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and 1977.Armies have often adopted procedures for the punishment of war criminals. Initially, they were designed to discipline soldiers and were mostly conducted by the authorities of the state to which the offenders belonge
4、d. However, towards the end of the Second World War, it became clear that the outrages committed by the Nazi regime in Germany such as the Holocaust, in which an estimated six million Jews were killed and by the Japanese were so great that those responsible should, in a sense, be tried by all mankin
5、d. Thus, in October 1943, two years before the end of the Second World War, representatives of the Allied nations, led by Britain and the United States, met in London and established a commission to investigate such outrages.Three categories of offence were established, which loosely, came to be def
6、ined as “war crimes”. They were: crimes against peace, such as the plotting of war against non-aggressive countries; violations of the customs and laws of war, such as the murder of prisoners, hostages and civilians; and crimes against humanity, which include extermination, enslavement and other inh
7、umane acts committed against any civilian population. With the Germans defeated, the Allied leaders decided to try Nazi leaders for a series of war crimes. The first session of the hearing took place in Berlin in October 1945. Charges were lodged against 24 former Nazi leaders. They were charged wit
8、h crimes against peace, war crimes, genocide, and the wanton destruction of towns and cities.In November 1945 the hearings were moved to the German town of Nuremberg. Three of the defendants were acquitted; twelve were sentenced to death; three were sentenced to life imprisonment; and four were sent
9、enced to imprisonment for between ten and twenty years. The decision of the tribunal was unanimous. A similar trial was also held of Japanese war leaders and 25 of them were convicted for crimes committed in Asia.1. General Sherman（ ）.2. In 1943, （ ）.3. War crimes doesnt include （ ）.4. Which of the
10、following statement is true according to the passage?5. The best title for this passage is（ ）.问题1选项A.established the modern laws of warfareB.started the American Civil WarC.was sentenced for ill-treating prisonersD.became a war criminal问题2选项A.the Second World War endedB.the Nazi regime killed six mi
11、llion JewsC.the Allied nations decided to investigate the Nazi crimesD.formal laws were introduced to discipline the soldiers问题3选项A.neglecting cultural customs of the peopleB.destroying peace in a countryC.killing hostagesD.making the civilians slaves问题4选项A.Modern laws of warfare started with the Am
12、erican Civil War.B.Geneva Conventions were held to punish the German war criminals.C.All Second World War criminals were punished by the mankind.D.The laws of warfare were to protect civilians.问题5选项A.The Punishment of War CriminalsB.War Crimes TrialsC.War is BloodyD.The Power of Justice【答案】第1题:D第2题:
13、C第3题:A第4题:A第5题:A【解析】第1题:细节推断题。谢尔曼将军并没有建立起法律，而是美国内战，A错误；B项并未有提及；C项错误，这说的是另一个战犯Henry Wirz，而不是谢尔曼；而D选项可以通过全文推理得出，因此选D。第2题:细节题。根据题干定位到第三段，“representatives of the Allied nations, led by Britain and the United States, met in London and established a commission to investigate such outrages.（以英国和美国为首的同盟国代表在
14、伦敦开会，成立了一个委员会来调查这些暴行。）”可以得到答案为C，他们决定来调查纳粹的暴行。第3题:根据题干定位到第四段，第四段一共介绍了三种“战争犯”：1.危害和平罪行；2.违反战争习惯和法律；3.危害人类的罪行，其中只有A项没有对应的解释，因此A错误。第4题:细节题。A项在第一段中就有提及，“this war which marked the beginning of the modern laws of warfare”，有论据支持，A保留；B项错误，是无关项，全文未提及；C项错误，根据倒数第一段“Three of the defendants were acquitted”有三位是被判无
15、罪的；D项文中并未给出明确的解释。答案为A。第5题:文章标题题。本文的主旨是在围绕战争的种种进行阐述，之后讲到了处理战争犯，以及战争相关的法例的制定，因此惩罚战犯也是本文的主题，答案为A。2. 不定项选择题Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious （1） to how they can be best （2） such changes. Growing bodies need movement and （3） but not just in ways that emphasize competition.（4）they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self conscious and need the（5）that comes from achieving success and knowing that th
