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1、公共英语基础接轨资料语法项目一、名词 概念：(n.)表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange, Beijing, Tom等。英语可数名词的单复数：英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。名词单数可用a、an来修饰可数名词单数，在元音发音开头的单词前用an，而不是a，表示“一个”。 1.复数的构成方法：(1)一般在复数名词后加s，如：dog-dogs。(2)以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加es，如：watch-watches。(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加es，如：country-countries。请区别：如果是
2、元音字母加y结尾的名词，则只须加s。如：monkey-monkeys。 (4)以o结尾的名词，只有potato(土豆)，tomato(西红柿)加es构成复数。(5)以f、fe结尾的名词，变f、fe为v再加es，如：knife-knives。 2.单复数形式相同的词：sheep-sheep，fishfish，Chinese-Chinese，Japanese-Japanese 3.特殊变化的单词有：(1) tooth-teeth，foot-feet(2) man-men，woman-women，policeman-policemen, Frenchman-Frenchmen 请区别：German(
3、德国人) Germans (3) child children 4.可用how many，many，a few，few，a lot of，lots of，some，any等来修饰可数名词复数。英语不可数名词：5.常见的不可数名词有：water，rice，fish，meat等。应特别记medicine, news, work, homework, housework, money, chalk, weather, cotton, wood. 6.不可数名词无复数，作主语时常看成单数。如：Some bread _ over there. (be) 7.常用how much, much, a lit
4、tle, little, a lot of, some, any等来修饰不可数名词。 名词所有格的构成方法：在名词后加“ s”。如：Tom Toms译为“的”，若遇上以s结尾的复数名词，则在s后加“ ”即可。如：Teachers Day , two weeks holiday，而不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格，仍按惯例加s 。如：Childrens Day。 二、冠词1.冠词指不定冠词a, an和定冠词the。 2.不定冠词an常用于元音发音开头的词前，如：an hour, an English car. 请区别：a useful machine。 3.指上文提到过的人或物，用定冠词the 4.
5、在世界上独一无二的事物前用定冠词the.如：the sun, the moon, the earth 5.定冠词the用于序数词前，表示方位的名词和形容词最高级前。如：the first, the best ,in the south 6.在复数姓氏前加the，表示一家人，常看成复数。如：The Browns are going to Shanghai for a holiday this summer. 7.在介词短语中常用定冠词the，如：in the box ,behind the chair 8.特别注意不能用定冠词the的几个方面：(1)在节日、星期、月份、季节、年等词前不用冠词。如
6、：in summer, in August 请区别：in the spring of 1945. (这里表示特指，故加the)(2)一日三餐和球类运动名不用冠词。如：have breakfast, play footballTheres _800-metre-long road behind _hospital. A. an, an B. a, a C. an, the D. a, the 三、介词 1与形容词搭配的词组有：be afraid of（怕），be angry with（生某人的气），be away from（不在某地），be different from（与不同），be good
7、 at（善于），be good/ bad for (对有益/有害)，be interested in（对感兴趣），be late for（迟到），be/get ready for（为作好准备） be sure of (对有把握) ，be worried about（为感到担忧） 2介词后常用人称代词宾格和动词-ing形式 1) You must take good care of her. 2) Thank you for teaching us so well. 3几组易混淆的介词 A “在.之后” in + 一段时间（用于一般将来时） after + 一段时间（用于一般过去时） after
8、 + 一点时间（常用于一般将来时） 如：The baby stopped crying after half an hour. The baby will stop crying in half an hour. They will visit their teacher after Friday. B since +过去的一点时间（用于完成时态），如：I have been in Foshan for six months since July. 这两者均用于现在完成时，具体在时态部分，我会继续向同学们讲解。 C be made of 用制成 , be made in “由某地制造”，be
9、made by somebody “由某人制成” D in, on, at表时间：in “在某月(季节、年)等” eg: in 1996, in January, in summer 固定词组：in the morning, in a week, in a minute, in time, in the end on 用于指具体的某一天或专指某一天上午、下午或晚上等 eg: on Christmas Day, on the night of February 16 at “用于具体时刻前和某些固定词组中” 固定词组：at seven, at the moment, at night, at l
10、ast, at first, at noon, at times, at once, at this time of the year, at the beginning of, at the end of this month, at the same time 注意：在表示时间里，下列情况下一般不用介词。词组里有：next, last, this, that, tomorrow, yesterday, one, every, all 以及the day before yesterday和the day after tomorrow 前不用介词 。 如:不能说 in tomorrow ,只能
11、说 tomorrow 在明天 E. except +宾格/doing something 除之外” （不包括本身） Everyone is at school today except Lin Tao. (同义句转换) =Only Lin Tao isnt at school today. F “用” 通过交通工具 by plane 用语言 in English，通过媒介 on /over the telephone, on /over the radio, on TV 用工具手段 with a pen, with ones hands G between “在和（两者）之间” between
12、.and., between the two. among 在.之间(三者或三者以上) eg. Sue spent over two hours _ her homework yesterday evening. A.on B.with C.at D.over 四、形容词 & 副词形容词的位置1作定语时放在名词的前面。如：a black cat (一只黑猫)2作表语时放在连系动词之后。如：The price is very high. (这个价格很高。)3修饰复合不定代词something, somebody, anything时放在代词之后。如：Something serious has h
13、appened to him.(他发生了严重的事故。)副词：用来说明事情发生的时间、地点、原因、方式等含义或说明其它形容词或副词程度的词叫做副词。4副词的分类时间副词频度副词地点/方位副词程度副词方式副词疑问/连接副词其他副词today, tomorrow,once,here, there,very, too,well,how, where,also, yesterday, now,twice,everywhere,enough,hard,when, why,nor, neitherthen, early, late,always,anywhere, rather, quite,alone,w
14、hether, whatas, on, offsoon, just,usually,above, outside,so, much, just,fast,however, either,tonight, often,in, inside, out, a little, a bittogether,yes, no, not,already, yet, before,sometimes,back, up, down,nearly, only,suddenly,maybe,ago, later, sincenever,away, off, far,almost, hardly,-ly结尾的副词certainly,firstseldom,as long as 时间副词：一般放在句首或句尾, 如：We will visit the Great Wall tomorrow.(我们明天去参观长城。) 频度副词：一般放在be动词之后或者助动词与主要动词之间,但sometimes、often等还可以放在句首或句尾,usually可放在句首,once可放在句尾,twice、three times等一般放在句尾。如：The
