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1、2022年考博英语-南京大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Fossils of plant that have been extinct for fifty million years have been found in large deposits of amber near the Baltic Sea.问题1选项A.plantB.been extinctC.fifty million yearD.near【答案】A【解析】根据题中的“have been” 可知，plant应该用复数，句意：已经灭绝了五千万年的化石植物在靠近波罗的海的大型湖泊沉积物中发现了。选项A符
2、合题意。2. 单选题Some companies have introduced flexible working time with less emphasis on pressure（ ）.问题1选项A.than more on efficiencyB.and more efficiencyC.and more on efficiencyD.than efficiency【答案】C【解析】考查语法。题目中emphasis和efficiency处于构成并列的关系。句意：一些公司采用了弹性工作时间，更少地强调压力，更多地强调效率。实际上为“more emphasis on efficiency
3、”，选项C运用了省略的结构，选项C符合题意。3. 单选题The passengers carried on drinking and dancing （ ） unaware of the impending disaster.问题1选项A.witheringlyB.contemptuouslyC.morallyD.blissfully【答案】C【解析】副词词义解析。witheringly “使人不自在地”；contemptuously “轻蔑地”；morally “道德上，确实”；blissfully “幸福地”。句意：乘客们喝酒跳舞，没有意识到即将发生的灾难。选项C表程度，符合题意。4. 单
4、选题Perhaps the most striking quality of satiric literature is its freshness, its originality of perspective. Satire rarely offers original ideas. Instead, it presents the familiar in a new form. Satirists do not offer the world new philosophies. What they do is look at familiar conditions from a pers
5、pective that makes these conditions seem foolish, harmful, or affected. Satire jars us out of complacence into a pleasantly shocked realization that many of the values that we unquestionably accept are false. Don Quixote makes chivalry seem absurd； Brave New World ridicules the pretensions of scienc
6、e; A Modest Proposal dramatizes starvation by advocating cannibalism. None of these ideas is original. Chivalry was suspect before Cervantes, humanists objected to the claims of pure science before Aldous Huxley, and people were aware of famine before Swift. It was not the originality of the idea th
7、at made these satires popular. It was the manner of expression, the satire method, that made them interesting and entertaining. Satires are read because they are aesthetically satisfying works of art, not because they are morally wholesome or ethically instructive. They are stimulating and refreshin
8、g because with commonsense briskness they brush away illusions and secondhand opinions. With spontaneous irreverence, satire rearranges perspectives, scrambles familiar objects into incongruous combination, and speaks in a personal idiom instead of abstract platitude.Satire exists because there is n
9、eed for it. It has lived because the readers appreciate a refreshing stimulus, an irreverent reminder that they live in a world of platitudinous thinking, cheap moralizing, and foolish philosophy. Satire serves to prod people into an awareness of truth, though rarely to any action on behalf of truth
10、. Satire tends to remind people that much of what they see, hear, and read in popular media is hypocritical, sentimental, and only partially true. Life resembles in only a slight degree the popular image of it. Soldiers rarely hold the ideals that movies attribute to them, nor do ordinary citizens d
11、evote their lives to unselfish service of humanity. Intelligent people know these things but lend lo forget them when they do not hear them expressed.1.What does the passage mainly discuss?2.Why does the author mention Don Quixote, Brave New World and A Modest proposal in the first paragraph?3.Which
12、 of the following can be found in satiric literature?4.According to the passage, there is a need for satire because people need to be（ ）问题1选项A.Difficulties of writing satiric literature.B.Popular topics of satire.C.New philosophies emerging from satiric literature.D.Reasons for the popularity of sat
13、ire.问题2选项A.They are famous examples of satiric literature.B.They present commonsense solutions to problems.C.They are appropriate for readers of all ages.D.They are books with similar stories.问题3选项A.Newly emerging philosophies.B.Odd combination of objects and ideas.C.Abstract discussion of morals an
14、d ethics.D.Wholesome characters who are unselfish.问题4选项A.informed about new scientific developmentB.exposed to original philosophies when they are formulatedC.reminded that popular ideas are often inaccurateD.told how they can be of service to their communities【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C【解析】1.主旨题。根据文章第
15、一段，“presents the familiar in a new form”，可知首先讽刺作品以新的形式呈现熟悉的事物。后面提到了“It was not the originality of the idea that made these satires popularmade them interesting and entertaining.”表达方法和讽刺技巧让讽刺文学流行，所以主要讲到了讽刺文学的流行原因。选项D符合题意。2.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，作者用堂吉诃德、奇妙的新世界和温和的建议这三部小说举例子，这三部小说都是著名的讽刺小说，以独特的手法来呈现熟悉的事物，以此来论证自己的观点。选项A符合题意。3.细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句，“With spontaneous irreverence, satire rearranges perspectives, scrambles familiar objects into incongruous combination”，可知讽刺文学中是将熟悉的事物不协调地组合在一起，并不是奇怪的事物的组合。选项B符合题意。4.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“remind peop
