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1、EnglishGrammarCoursewareforDistanceEducationCATALOGUE目录FundamentalsofEnglishGrammarComplexpresencepatternsTheApplicationofEnglishGrammarinWritingTheApplicationofEnglishGrammarinOralEnglishCATALOGUE目录TheapplicationofEnglishgrammarinreadingcomprehensionTheApplicationofEnglishGrammarinListeningComprehe
2、nsion01FundamentalsofEnglishGrammarNounAnounisaperson,place,thing,orideaForexample,cat,dog,city,table,andhappinessareallnounsObjectiveAnobjectiveisawordthatmodifiesanounForexample,red,big,happy,andbeautifulareallobjectivesAdvancedAnadvocateisawordthatmodifiesaverb,objective,oranotheradvocateForexamp
3、le,quickly,happily,very,andextremelyarealladvertisementsVerbAverbisanactionwordorastateofbeingForexample,run,jump,exist,andsleepareallverbsPartofSpeechSimplepresenceAsimplepresencecontainsasubjectandapredicateForexample,Thecatsatonthemat.CompoundpresenceAcompoundpresencecontainstwoormoresimplesenses
4、connectedbyajunctionorasemiconductorForexample,Thecatsatonthemat;thedoglayonthefloor.ComplexpresenceAcomplexpresencecontainsadependentclauseandanindependentclauseForexample,Thecatthatwaschattingthemousesatonthemat.FragmentAfragmentisnotacompletepresenceItmaycontainasubject,apredicate,orbothForexampl
5、e,Sittingonthemat.01020304SensestructureSenseSenseindicatesthetimeofanactionoreventThepresenttenseindicatesactionsoreventshappeningnow;Thepasttenseindicatesactionsoreventsthathavealreadyhappened;ThefuturetenseindicatesactionsoreventsthatwillhappeninthefutureVoiceVoiceindicateswhichactiondescribedbyt
6、heverbisbeingdonetothesubjectorbythesubjectTheactivevoiceindicatorsthatthesubjectisperformingtheaction(e.g.,ThecatwasChasedthemouse.),whilethepassivevoiceindicatorsthatthesubjectistherecipientoftheaction(e.g.,ThemousewasChasedbythecat.)TensesandVoices02Complexpresencepatternscomposedoftwoormoreindep
7、endentsentencesconnectedbyparallelconjunctions(suchasand,but,or,etc.).SummarywordCompoundsentencesareusuallyusedtoexpresstwoormoreinterrelatedorrelativelyindependentideas,allofwhicharegrammaticallycomplete.Commoncompoundsentencesincludesimplesentencesandcompoundsentences.DetaileddescriptionCompoundp
8、resenceSummarywordAsentencethatservesasasubordinatepartofthemainsentence,modifyingorsupplementingthemainsentence.要点一要点二DetaileddescriptionSubordinatesentencesareusuallyguidedbyrelativepronouns(suchasthat,which,who,etc.)orrelativeadverbs(suchaswhen,where,why,etc.),formingasubordinaterelationshipwitht
9、hemainsentence.Subordinateclausescanbenounclauses,adjectiveclauses,oradverbialclauses.Subordinateclausesentencestructuresthatexpressassumptions,wishes,doubts,orsubjunctivemoods.SummarywordsThesubjunctivemoodisusedtoexpresssituationsthatarecontrarytofactsorimpossibletooccur,usuallyexpressedthroughthe
10、specialformofverbs.InEnglish,subjunctivemoodisdividedintothreetenses:pastsubjunctivemood,presentsubjunctivemood,andfuturesubjunctivemood.DetaileddescriptionSubjunctivemood03TheApplicationofEnglishGrammarinWriting0102SubjectverbagreementThesubjectandverbshouldagreeinnumber(singularorplural)Forexample
11、,Thecat(subject)is(verb)sittingonthemat.ArticleusageThearticlesa,an,andtheshouldbeusedcorrectlyForexample,Ihaveacat.PositionusagePositionsshouldbeusedcorrectlytoshowrelationshipsbetweenwordsForexample,Thecatissittingbelowthetable.SingularanSingularandpluralnounsshouldbeusedcorrectlyForexample,Therei
12、sonecatonthemat.ConnectionusageConnectionsshouldbeusedcorrectlytolinkwordsorgroupsofwordsForexample,Thecatissittingonthematandhasaball.030405CommonGrammarErrorsinWriting0102ReadmoreReadingbooks,newspapers,andothermaterialscanhelpimprovegrammarandvocabularyWritemorePracticingwritingcanhelpimprovegram
13、marandwritingskillsUseadictionaryUsingadictionarycanhelpyouunderstandthemeaningsandusesofwordsPayattentiontodetailPayingattentiontodetailcanhelpyouavoidgrammarerrorsGetfeedbackGettingfeedbackfromteachersorpeerscanhelpyouidentifyandcorrectgrammarerrors030405TipsforimprovinggrammarlevelThecatsatonthem
14、at,itspawscrossedtidily.Thecatslinkedunderthetable,itstailswishingbehindit.Thecatpouncedontheballofyarn,itseyessparkingwithdelight.ThecatcurledupontheSofa,itspurrrumblinginitschest.01020304ExcellentEnglishWritingExamples04TheApplicationofEnglishGrammarinOralEnglishSubjectverbagreementFailuretomatcht
15、hesubjectandverbcorrectly,suchasTheyareinstalledofTheyareArticlesmisuseIncorrectuseofa,an,andthePreliminaryphraseplacementPlacingpreliminaryphrasesinanincorrectposition,suchasItwashisthatIsawinsteadofItwasIthatsawhis.CommongrammarerrorsinspokelanguageMethodstoimprovetheaccuracyofspoongrammarRecordyo
16、urselfspeakingEnglishandthenreviewittoidentifycommongrammarerrorsRecordyourselfspeakingEngageinconversationwithnativeEnglishspeakerstoimproveyourpromotionandgrammarPracticespeakingwithnativespeakersReadingbooksandnewspaperscanhelpyoufamiliarizeyourselfwithproperEnglishgrammarandvocabularyReadbooksandnewspapersUsedtoexpressuncertaintyorignoranceIdontknowUsedtoexpressanopinionordiscussionIthinkUsedtoexpressdissatisfactionorjusticeItsnotfairCommonexpressionsinSpokenEnglish05TheapplicationofEnglishg
