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1、2022年考博英语-河北农业大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题The doctor enjoyed both his work and his life. He had never felt any _ between these two things.问题1选项A.conflictB.constrictC.constructD.constraint【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项conflict“矛盾心态；（信念、观点、利益之间的）冲突”；B选项constrict“约束；收缩”；C选项construct“建造；构造”；D选项constraint“限制；约束”。句意：这位医
2、生热爱他的工作和生活。在这两件事之间，他从未感觉到任何_。根据语境，同时热爱工作和生活，表明这两者没有矛盾，conflict“矛盾心态；（信念、观点、利益之间的）冲突”符合题意。因此A选项正确。2. 单选题Birds that are literally half-asleepwith one brain hemisphere alert and the other sleepcontrol which side of the brain remains awake. According to a new study of seeping ducks.Earlier studies have
3、documented half-brain seep in a wide range of birds. The brain hemispheres take turns sinking into the sleep stage characterized by slow brain waves. The eye controlled by the seeping hemisphere keeps shut. While the wakeful hemispheres eye stays open and alert. Birds also can sleep with both hemisp
4、heres resting at once. Decades of studies of bird flocks led researchers to predict extra alertness in the more vulnerable end-of-the-row sleepers. Sure enough, the end birds tended to watch carefully on the side away from their companions. Ducks in the inner spots showed no preference for gaze dire
5、ction.Also, birds dozing at the end of the line resorted to single-hemisphere sleep rather than total relaxation. More often than inner ducks did. Rotating 16 birds through the positions in a four duck row, the researchers found outer birds half-asleep during some 32 percent of dozing time versus ab
6、out 12 percent for birds in internal spots.“We believe this is the first evidence for an animal behaviorally controlling sleep and wakefulness simultaneously in different regions of the brain.” the researchers say. The results provide the best evidence for a long standing supposition that single hem
7、isphere sleep evolved as creatures scanned for enemies. The preference for opening an eye on the lookout side could be widespread, he predicts. Hes seen it in a pair of birds doing side-by-side in the 200 and in a single pet bird sleeping by a mirror. The mirror side eye closed as if the reflection
8、were a companion and the other eye stayed open. Useful as half- seeping might be, its only been found in birds and such water mammals as dolphins. Whales and seals. Perhaps keeping one side of the brain awake allows a seeping animal to surface occasionally to avoid drowning. Studies of birds may off
9、er unique insights into sleep. Jerome M. Siegel of the UCLA says he wonders if birds half-brain sleep “is just the tip of the iceberg”. He speculates that more examples may turn up when we take a closer look at other species.1. A new study on birds sleep has revealed that （ ）.2. According to the pas
10、sage, birds often half sleep because （ ）.3. The example of a bird sleeping in front of a mirror indicates that （ ）.4. While sleeping, some water mammals tend to keep half wake in order to （ ）.5. By “just the tip of the iceberg” (Line 2. Para. 8). Siegel suggests that （ ）.问题1选项A.half-brain sleep is f
11、ound in a wide variety of birdsB.half brain sleep is characterized by slow brain wavesC.birds can control their half brain sleep consciouslyD.birds seldom sleep with the whole of their brain at rest问题2选项A.they have to watch out for possible attacksB.their brain hemispheres take turns to restC.the tw
12、o halves of their brain are differently structuredD.they have to constantly keep an eye on their companions问题3选项A.the phenomenon of birds dozing in pairs is widespreadB.birds prefer to sleep in pairs for the sake of securityC.even an imagined companion gives the bird a sense of securityD.a single pe
13、t bird enjoys seeing its own reflection in the mirror问题4选项A.alert themselves to the approaching enemyB.emerge from water now and then to breatheC.be sensitive to the ever-changing environmentD.avoid being swept away by rapid currents问题5选项A.half-brain sleep has something to do with icy weatherB.the m
14、ystery of half-brain sleep is close to being solvedC.most birds living in cold regions tend to be half sleepersD.half-brain sleep is a phenomenon that could exist among other species.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。题目要求我们选出最新的研究成果。定位到文章第一段Birds that are literally half asleepcontrol which si
15、de of the brain remains awake according to a new study of sleeping ducks（根据对一群睡眠中的鸭子的最新研究，处于半梦半醒之间的鸟能控制任何一侧的大脑，使其保持清醒状态）由此可知，C项“鸟类可以有意识地控制半脑睡眠”是最新的研究结论。而A“多种鸟类都有半脑睡眠”，B“半脑睡眠的特点是脑电波缓慢”，D“鸟类很少在睡觉时整个大脑都处于休息状态”三项中提到的内容在第二段Earlier studies have documented half brain sleep in a wide range of birds（早期的研究记录了很多鸟类的半脑睡眠），都不是最新的研究结果，而是早期的研究所以都应一一排除。2.细节事实与推断题。定位到文章第三段开头Decades of studies of bird flocks led researchers to predict extra alertness in the more vulnerable end-of-the-row sleepers.（数十年来对鸟群的研究使研究人员预测，在更易受伤害的睡眠者中，会有额外的警觉性）以及第六段第一句The results provide the best e
