《2022年考博英语-桂林理工大学考前模拟强化练习题84（附答案详解）》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-桂林理工大学考前模拟强化练习题84（附答案详解）（75页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、2022年考博英语-桂林理工大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题We can begin our discussion of “population as global issue” with what most persons mean when they discuss “the population problem”: too many people on earth and a too rapid increase in the number added each year. The facts are not in dispute. It was quite right
2、to employ the analogy that likened demographic growth to “a long, thin powder fuse that burns steadily and haltingly until it finally reaches the charge and explodes.”To understand the current situation, which is characterized by rapid increases in population, it is necessary to understand the histo
3、ry of population trends. Rapid growth is a comparatively recent phenomenon. Looking back at the 8,000 years of demographic history, we find that populations have been virtually stable or growing very slightly for most of human history. For most of our ancestors, life was hard, often nasty, and very
4、short. There was high fertility in most places, but this was usually balanced by high mortality. For most of human history, it was seldom the case that one in ten persons would live past forty, while infancy and childhood were especially risky periods. Often, societies were in clear danger of extinc
5、tion because death rates could exceed their birthrates. Thus, the population problem throughout most of history was how to prevent extinction of the human race.This pattern is important to notice. Not only does it put the current problems of demographic growth into a historical perspective, but it s
6、uggests that the cause of rapid increase in population in recent years is not a sudden enthusiasm for more children, but an improvement in the conditions that traditionally have caused high mortality.Demographic history can be divided into two major periods: a time of long slow growth which extended
7、 from about 8,000 BC. to approximately AD. 1650. In the first period of some 9600 years, the population increased from some 8 million to 500 million in 1650. Between 1650 and the present, the population has increased from 500 million to more than 4 billion. And it is estimated that by the year 2000
8、there will be 6.2 billion people throughout the world. One way to appreciate this dramatic difference in such abstract numbers is to reduce the time frame to something that is more manageable. Between 8000BC and 1650，an average of only 50,000 persons was being added annually to the worlds population
9、 each year. At present, this number is added every six hours. The increase is about 80,000,000 persons annually.11. Which of the following demographic growth pattern is most suitable for the long thin powder fuse analogy?12. During the first period of demographic history, societies were often in dan
10、ger of extinction because_.13. Which statement is true about population increase?14. The author of the passage intends to_.15. The word “demographic” in the first paragraph means_.问题1选项A.A virtually stable or slightly decreasing period and then a sudden explosion of population.B.A slow growth for a
11、long time and then a period of rapid, dramatic increase.C.Too many people on earth and a few rapid increase in the number added each year.D.A long period when death rates exceeds birthrates and then a short period with higher fertility and lower mortality.问题2选项A.only one in ten persons could live pa
12、st 40B.there was higher mortality than fertility in most placesC.it was too dangerous to have babies due to the poor conditionsD.our ancestors had little enthusiasm for more children问题3选项A.There might be an increase of 2.2 billion persons from now to the year 2000.B.About 50,000 babies are born ever
13、y six hours at present.C.Between 8000 BC and the present, the population increase is about 80,000,000 persons each year.D.The population increased faster between 8000BC and 1650 than between 1650 and the present.问题4选项A.warn people against the population explosion in the near future.B.compare the dem
14、ographic growth pattern in the past with that after 1650.C.find out the cause for rapid increase in population in recent years.D.present us a clear and complete picture of the demographic growth.问题5选项A.statistics of humanB.surroundings studyC.accumulation of humanD.development of human【答案】第1题:A第2题:B
15、第3题:A第4题:A第5题:A【解析】11.推理判断题，第一段如此描述“the long, thin powder fuse（细长的火药引线）”:.burns steadily and haltingly until it finally reaches the charge and explodes，“它一直断断续续地燃烧，直到最后爆发”。第二段中说到人类在以前的时期增长并不高，有时出生率还低于死亡率，到了近期才出现快速增长，对应A选项“一段几乎稳定或略微减少的时期，然后人口突然暴增”；B选项“一段很长时间的缓慢增长，然后是一段快速、戏剧性的增长时期”，见正确选项解析，这里属于反向干扰；C选
16、项“地球上的人太多了，而且数量每年都在迅速增加”，见正确选项解析，few和 rapid是反义词，所以不选，这里属于偷换概念；D选项“在很长一段时间内，死亡率超过出生率，然后在很短一段时间内，生育率较高，死亡率较低”，见正确选项解析，出生率超过死亡率属于反向干扰。12.事实细节题，定位到第二段倒数第二句话Often, societies were in clear danger of extinction because death rates could exceed their birthrates.“通常，社会处于明显的灭绝危险之中，因为死亡率可能超过出生率”，从这里可以看出答案选B“在大多数地方，死亡率高于生育率”；A选
