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1、2022年考博英语-中国农业科学院考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题He was（ ）between the desire to crush Nanking at the earliest possible moment by throwing his full force against that city and his realization of the need to provide strong forces for the relief of Shanghai.问题1选项A.irritatedB.besetC.tornD.tortured【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨
2、析。A选项irritated“生气的”；B选项beset“困扰的”，表示某人因某事而困扰，符合题意；C选项torn“撕裂的”；D选项tortured“折磨的”。结合文章内容可知，他正在被两件事情所困扰，B选项符合题意。句意：他既希望尽其所能尽快摧毁南京，又意识到需要提供强大的力量来解救上海，他在两者之间。因此B选项正确。2. 单选题The minister（ ）all his officials pay the tax.问题1选项A.bidsB.blessesC.barksD.baffles【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A项bid“吩咐，命令”，B项bless“保佑”，C项bark“吠叫，咆
3、哮”，D项baffle“使困惑”。句意：部长要求他所有的官员都纳税。根据句意，该题选A正确。3. 不定项选择题(1) The natural environment has, of course, always conditioned technology. For example, the nature of an environment (polar, desert, jungle) engenders the development of technologies appropriate to that environment to enable man to adapt success
4、fully to it. Further, emerging scarcity of some technological resource may ignite a research for, and gradual transition to, a new technology using resources present in the environment in greater abundance, as, for example, in the case of the gradual change from wood-based to coal-based technology i
5、n England that began in Elizabeth times and stretched until the end of the eighteenth century.(2) In modern Western society, environment has begun to condition technology in new ways, although admittedly more indirectly. The safety and quality of the environment and public perceptions of it have beg
6、un to translate into presidential politics and congressional mandates to regulatory agencies to protect or enhance environmental quality or safety, occasionally even at the cost of some perturbation of the tech-economic status-quo. In France, Italy, and recently the United States, political parties
7、have been formed, organized around a complex of technology/ environment issues. In general, in the last fifteen years, the gradual development of broad-based environmental awareness, the lobbying and litigious activities of environmental interest groups, and guidelines issued and reinforced by the E
8、PA (Environmental Protection Agency) in response to congressional mandates have markedly increased the heed paid to the environment by many corporations in going about their technology activities. Both research a development priorities and capital investment programs of the corporations have been af
9、fected by this.41. Which of the following statements is TRUE?42. We can infer from the article that in the 1800s England was probably rich in（ ）.43. In modern Western society, the environmental problem has（ ）.44. The underlined word “heed” in the last but one sentence of the passage means（ ）.45. Wha
10、t is the best topic for the passage?问题1选项A.Environment enables man to adapt successfully to new technology.B.Technologies enable man to adapt successfully to his environment.C.The development of the technologies depends solely on the natural environment.D.Lack of technologies to cope with the enviro
11、nment is caused by lack of natural resources.问题2选项A.wood resourcesB.technological resourcesC.natural resourcesD.coal resource问题3选项A.received great attention from the governmentsB.caused some serious disorders in technology and economyC.affected modern technologies more directly than beforeD.become m
12、ore important but received less and less attention问题4选项A.lawsuitB.interestC.attentionD.expense问题5选项A.What can nature contribute to technology?B.Environment can sometimes block the progress of technology.C.Technologies of all kinds should serve the natural environment.D.Environment deserves the most
13、attention in the development of technology.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】41.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“下列哪一项是正确的？”。根据第一段第二句the nature of an environment (polar, desert, jungle) engenders the development of technologies appropriate to that environment to enable man to adapt successfully to it.（一个环境（极
14、地、沙漠、丛林）的本质导致了适合该环境的技术的发展，使人们能够成功地适应环境。）可知，技术可以使人成功适应环境，所以B项“技术使人能够成功地适应环境”正确。A项“环境使人能够成功地适应新技术”，内容与原文相反；C项“技术的发展完全依赖于自然环境”，没有过分强调技术的发展依赖与环境，C选项太绝对；D项“缺乏应对环境问题的技术是由于缺乏自然资源造成的”偷换概念，D项错误。故该题选B。42.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节推理题。题干意思是“从这篇文章中我们可以推断出，在19世纪，英国可能在是富有的”。根据第一段最后一句in the case of the gradual change from wo
15、od-based to coal-based technology in England that began in Elizabeth times and stretched until the end of the eighteenth century.（英国从以木材为基础的技术到以煤为基础的技术的逐步转变始于伊丽莎白时代，一直持续到18世纪末。）可知，18世纪的煤炭资源很丰富，才能进行基于煤炭的科技。因此D项“煤炭资源”正确。A项“木材资源”，文中提到英国已经从木材为基础的技术转变为了煤炭为基础的技术，所以A项不选；B项“技术资源”过于笼统；C项“自然资源”文章没有提到。故该题选D。43.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节推理题。题干意思是“在现代西方社会，环境问题已经”。第二段第四句提到In general, in the last fifteen years, the gradual development of broad-based environmental awareness, the lobbying and litigious activities of environmental interest groups, and guidelines issued and
