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1、2022年考博英语-对外经济贸易大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing problems, formulating options, estimating likelihood of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement th
2、e decision. Rather, in their day-to-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed “intuition” to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise; and to integrate action into the process of thin
3、king.Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality; others view it as an excuse for capriciousness. Iscnbergs recent
4、 research on senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking pr
5、actice and hands-on experience that build skills. A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an “Aha!” experience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior executiv
6、es are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action. Finally, managers can use intuition to
7、 by-pass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns.One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that “thinking” is indispen
8、sable from acting. Since mangers often“know”what right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later. Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking/action cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a
9、 problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert.Given the great Uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face, senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue. They then use the results of the action to develop
10、 a more complete understanding of the issue. One implication of thinking/issue cycles is that action is often part of defining the problem, not just implementing the solution.1. According to the passage, the classical model of decision analysis includes all of the followingEXCEPT（ ）.2. According to
11、the passage, senior managers use intuition in all of the following ways EXCEPTto（ ）.3. The passage suggests which of the following about “writers on management mentioned in thePara. 2?4. Which of the following best exemplifies “an Aha experience as it is presented in the Para. 2?5. The passage provi
12、des support for which of the following statements?问题1选项A.creation of possible solutions to a problemB.establishment of clear goals to be reached by the decisionC.comparison of the probable effects of different solutions to a problemD.action undertaken in order to discover more information about a pr
13、oblem问题2选项A.identify a problemB.stipulate clear goalsC.evaluate possible solutions to a problemD.speed up the creation of a solution to a problem问题3选项A.They have criticized managers for not following the classical rational model of decision analysis.B.They have relied in drawing their conclusion on
14、what managers say rather than on what managers do.C.They have misunderstood how managers use intuition in making business decisions.D.They have not acknowledged the role of intuition in managerial practice.问题4选项A.A manager performs well-learned and familiar behavior patterns in creative and uncharac
15、teristic ways to solve a problem.B.A manager risks taking an action whose outcome is unpredictable to discover whether the action changes the problem at hand.C.A manager swiftly decides which of several sets of tactics to implement in order to deal with the contingencies suggested by a problem.D.A m
16、anager suddenly connects seemingly unrelated facts and experiences to create a pattern relevant to the problem at hand.问题5选项A.Managers sometimes cannot justify their intuitive actions.B.Logical analysis of a problem increases the number of possible solutions.C.Intuition enables managers to employ their practical experience more efficiently.D.
