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1、2022年考博英语-云南大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 翻译题Read the following passage and then translate the underlined parts into Chinese.Stories about the problems of tourism have become legion in the last few years. Yet it does not have to be a problem.Although tourism inevitably affects the region in which it takes pl
2、ace, the costs to these fragile environments and their local cultures as has happened with the Sperpas of Nepals Khumbu Valley and in some Alpine villages. And a growing number of adventure tourism operators are trying to ensure that their activities benefit the local population and environment over
3、 the long term.In the Swiss Alps communities have decided that their future depends on integrating tourism more effectively with the local economy. Local concern about the rising number of second home development in the Swiss Pays dEnhaut resulted in limits being imposed on their growth. There has a
4、lso been a renaissance in communal cheese production in the area, providing the locals with a reliable source of income that does not depend on outside visitors.Many of the Arctic tourist destinations have been exploited by outside companies, who employ transient workers and repatriate most of the p
5、rofits to their home base. But some Arctic communities are now operating tour businesses themselves, thereby ensuring that the benefits accrue locally. For instance, a native corporation in Alaska, employing local people, is running an air tour from Anchorage to Kotzebue, where tourists eat Arctic f
6、ood, walk on the tundra and watch local musicians and dancers.Native people in the desert regions of the American Southwest have followed similar strategies, encouraging tourists to visit their pueblos and reservations to purchase high-quality handicrafts and artwork. The Acoma and San Ildefonso pue
7、blos have established highly profitable pottery businesses, while the Navajo and Hopi groups have been similarly successful with jewelry.Too many people living in fragile environments have lost control over their economies, their culture and their environment when tourism has penetrated their homela
8、nds. Merely restricting tourism cannot be the solution to the imbalance, because peoples desire to see new places will not just disappear.Instead, communities in fragile environments must achieve greater control over tourism ventures in their regions in order to balance their needs and aspirations w
9、ith the demands of tourism. A growing number of communities are demonstrating that, with firm communal decision-making, this is possible. The critical question now is whether this can become the norm, rather than the exception .【答案】在过去的几年里，有关旅游业问题的报道层出不穷。然而，这并不一定是一个问题。在瑞士阿尔卑斯地区的社区已经明确，他们的未来取决于更有效地将旅
10、游业与当地经济结合起来。该地区的公共奶酪生产也出现了复兴，为当地人提供了不依赖外来游客的可靠收入来源。仅仅限制旅游业不能解决这种不平衡，因为人们对新地方观光的渴望不会消失。现在问题的关键是，这能否成为常态，而不是例外。2. 写作题Directions: Choose one of the two topics to develop an essay of about 300 word.1.Write a piece of Argumentation with the topic “Exam”. Your essay should meet the following requirements:
11、1) Show your view with a thesis statement;2) Support your view with no fewer than 2 concrete details;3) And conclude your essay with an echo to the introduction.2.In order to enhance and cultivate culture confidence, the Minister of the Ministry of Education proposed to involve traditional culture i
12、n the curriculum on campus.1) State your opinion about the proposal with a thesis statement;2) Support your opinion with no fewer than 2 concrete detail;3) And conclude your essay with an echo to the introduction.【答案】略3. 单选题He is proud of his children that he often（ ）about their small achievement.问题
13、1选项A.exaggeratesB.assertsC.boastsD.toasts【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。exaggerate“夸大”；assert“断言”；boast“吹嘘”。exaggerate符合句意。本句意为“他为他的孩子们而感到骄傲，他经常夸大他们的小成就”，因此A选项正确。4. 单选题Over-working of the land in some countries has led to soil（ ）of nutrients, which, in turn, will lead to barren land.问题1选项A.repletedB.grievedC.deple
14、tedD.deplored【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。Replete “充满的，装满的”，没有单词repleted；grieved “伤心的”；depleted “耗尽的，废弃的”；deplored为动词的过去式，根据句子结构，可知此处应填入形容词作后置定语，修饰soil。句意：在一些国家，土地的过度耕作已经导致土壤耗尽营养物，这反过来又会导致土地贫瘠。选项C符合题意。5. 单选题Since the late 1970s，in the face of a severe loss of market share in dozens of industries, manufacturers
15、in the United States have been trying to improve productivityand therefore enhance their international competitiveness-through cost-cutting programs. (Cost-cutting here is defined as raising labor output while holding the amount of labor constant.) However, from 1978 through 1982, productivitythe va
16、lue of goods manufactured divided by the amount of labor inputdid not improve; and while the result were better in the business upturn of the three years following, they ran 25 percent lower than productivity improvements during earlier, post-1945 upturns. At the same time, it became clear that the harder manufactures worked
