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1、非谓语动词Non-Finite Verbi非谓语的三种形式类别结构含义例句现在分词doing主动，进行1) boiling water 正在沸腾 的水2) Do you know the girl standing over there?你认 识站在那里的那个女孩 吗？being done被动，进行（止在被做）1) The houses being built now are for the teachers. 现在止在建的那些房子 是为老师而建的。(not) having done主动，完成（否定）1) Having waited for an hour, he left.等了一个小 时后，
2、他离开J。2) Not having received a reply, he wrote another letter.没收到回复，他又 写了 T信having been done被动，完成1) Having been told many times, he still made the same mistake.虽然被告 诉过好多次了，他仍然 犯同样的错误。过去分词done被动，完成1) The story told by Tom is very interesting.汤姆讲得 故事非常宿趣。2) The houses built last year are very big.去年建的那
3、 些房子很大。表所处的状态 或特征1) Devoted to helping others, he is respected他致力于 帮助别人而受到尊重。2) Interested in the book, he wants to buy it.他对这本 书感兴趣想买卜来。不定式to do将来，主动1) I have much work to do.我有很多工作要做。to be done将来，被动1) The houses to be built next month are very big.下个月将要被建的那些 房子很大。to have done完成，主动使用条件：1) 看结构是小生变.口
4、 KU,2) 看是否表达过去或 元成之息1) He s said to have inventedthe telephone.据说他发明 了电话。2) He is said to have been punished by his leader.据 说他已经受到了他领导 的惩罚。II 本章要点1 .非谓语之不定式的用法。2 .非谓语之动名词的用法。3 .非谓语之现在分词的用法。4 .非谓语之过去分词的用法。5 .非谓语的时态语态。6 .非谓语做宾语的用法。I 非谓语语法点分述一、不定式 to do1.不定式结构作主语? To see is to believe.? It is better t
5、o see something once than to hear about it a hundred times.a.在很多情况下，特别是在口语中，常采用先行it代替主语，而把不定式后置：? It s a great pleasure to be here.? It is not an easy thing to master a language.区分用法1) 直接用不定式做主语的句子显得更加正式。2) 如主语和表语都是to do,则只能采用第一种形式。?对敌人仁慈就是对人民残忍。3) 如是疑问句或感叹句，则只能采用第二种形式。? What is it like to be there?
6、 What a joy it was to read Barak book!b.用It is+形容词作表语时，由于逻辑主语不同导致的for和of的区别。(1) for sb.句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如:difficult, interesting, easy, impossible 等。.(2) of sb.句型中的形容词一般为表示性格、品德、心智能力，表示主观感情或态度的形容词， 如：good, kind, nice, clever, foolish 等。小试身手1) To be fond of dancing was a certain step to
7、wards falling in love.2)对他来说，学两门外语是很困难的。3)你能这么说很有礼貌。真题试炼1) It important the piano well.A. of him to playB. for him to playC. of him playingD. for him playing2) It s wrong her like that.A. of you to treatB. for you to treatC. of you treatingD. for you treating2 .不定式结构作表语主语和表语都是不定式(其含义往往一是条件，一是结果)，如：?
8、To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.?To do that would be to cut the foot to fit the shoe.3 .不定式结构作动词宾语（见表格附录）4.不定式结构作定语用法例句及物动词to do出现在名词后面。动宾关系He always has a lot of meetings to attend .Have you got anything to say at the meeting?主谓关系She is always the first (one) to come and the la
9、st to leave./、及物动词to do出现在名词后面且带上相应的介词。Let s first find a roomo live in . / to put the things in .We have nothing to worry about .?Attention ?但前卸被修饰的名词是place/time/way时可省略不及物动词的介词。I think the best way to travel is by air.We have no place to live .小试身手1） 了解一个人最好的方法是和他/她生活一段时间2） 你有什么可以吃的东西吗？3）许多老人找不到可以
10、安度晚年的地方.5.不定式结构作状语基本用法：不定式结构可以作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词等表示目的、原因、结 果、条件等。a. 表布目的 They ran over to welcome the delegates.?Attention ?(1) in order to do常置于句首用来强调目的。(2) so as to/so .aslo示目的，不可以置于句首。小试身手1)为了能够准时到达那里，我们必须现在出发2)为了款待重要客人，他从英国请了管家。3)他们一大早出发为了能赶上首班车。b. 表不结果(1) soas to 如此以至于? Would you be so kind as to
11、lend me your bicycle / tell me the time?(2) such ()as to 如此以至于? Im not such a fool as to believe that. enough to足以? The boy is old enough to go to school.(4) too -to太以至于不能? His eyesight is too poor to read such small letters.(5) only to不料却，结果却 不定式之前有日可以加上only或but only ,以加强语气? I bought expensive tick
12、ets to the theatre, only to discover that the show was boring.小试身手1)你说这些话只会把大家弄得更加紧张。2)她太小了不能看这个暴力电影。?Attention ?:但是too .to结构前如果出现 but, never, only等词时则表示肯定。1)活到老学到老。6.不定式结构作宾语补足语a.非谓语做宾补的用法。结构含义举例see + 宾语 + do看见（宾语）做了see him go to the officesee + 宾语 + doing看见（宾语）正在做_see him going to the officesee +
13、宾语 + being done看见（宾语）正在被做see him being bitten by a dogsee + 宾语 + done看见（宾语）被做see him bitten by a dogb.不定式to do （do）做宾补表示 要去做“。结构例词例句动词+宾语+ to doask, invite, tell, want, encourage, wish, expect, beg, request, require, advise, order, force, 等 表示劝请、要求、喜好类I want both of you to go.The teacher told us to
14、do exercise one.c. do做宾补表示全过程动词+宾语+do（省略to）一感“：feel二 听“：hear / listen to三 使“：have / make / let四 看“：see / watch / notice /findI saw my daughter enter the classroom, sit in a chair, open her English book and begin to read Chapter 15.二、动名词 doing1 .动名词结构作主语a.动名词做主语通常位于句首。? Seeing is believing.? Not fini
15、shing school can affect your whole life.b.将it放句首做形式主语，把动名词置于句末的常用结构。It is + a waste of time/no good/not any good/no use/useless + doing sth.? It is no use talking to him again.? It is no good （your） refusing to do it.小试身手? is an important decision in a person（结婚）s life.?is against the law.（酒后驾车）? relaxes me at the end of the day.（听古典音乐）?跟他聊天就是浪费时间。2
