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1、语言学教程复习题与答案(第七章)Sociolinguistics I.Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False: 1. Sociolinguistics is the sub-discipline of linguistics that studies social contexts. 2. Language as a means of social communication is a homogeneous system with a homogeneous group of speakers.3. L
2、anguage use varies from one speech community to another, from one regional group to another, from one social group to another, and even from one individual to another. 4. The goal of sociolinguistics is to explore the nature of language variation and language use among a variety of speech communitie
3、s and in different social situations. 5. The linguistic markers that characterize individual social groups may serve as social markers of group membership. 6. From the sociolinguistic perspective, the term “speech variety ” can not be used to refer to standard language, vernacular language, dialect
4、or pidgin. 7.Functional speech varieties are known as regional dialects. 8. The most distinguishable linguistic feature of a regional dialect is its grammar and uses of vocabulary. 9.Geographical barriers are the only source of regional variation of language. 10. A persons social backgrounds do not
5、exert a shaping influence on his choice of linguistic features. 11.Two speakers of the same language or dialect use their language or dialect in the same way. 12. Every speaker of a language is, in a stricter sense, a speaker of a distinct idiolect. 13. The standard language is a better language tha
6、n nonstandard languages. 14. A lingua franca can only be used within a particular country for communication among groups of people with different linguistic backgrounds. 15.Pidgins are linguistically inferior to standard languages. 16. A pidgin usually reflects the influence of the higher, or domina
7、nt, language in its lexicon and that of the lower language in their phonology and occasionally syntax. 17.The major difference between a pidgin and a creole is that the former usually has its native speakers while the latter doesnt. 18.Bilingualism and diglossia mean the same thing. 19.The kind of n
8、ame or term speakers use to call or refer to someone may indicate something of their social relationship to or personal feelings about that individual. 20.The use of euphemisms has the effect of removing derogatory overtones and the disassociative effect as such is usually long-lasting. II. Fill in
9、each of the blanks below with one word which begins with the letter given: 21.The social group isolated for any given study is called the speech c_. 22.Speech v_ refers to any distinguishable form of speech used by a speaker or group of speakers.23.From the sociolinguistic perspective, a speech vari
10、ety is no more than a d_ variety of a language. 24.Language standardization is also called language p_. 25.Social variation gives rise to s_ which are subdivisible into smaller speech categories that reflect their socioeconomic, educational, occupational background, etc. 26.S_ variation in a persons
11、 speech or writing usually ranges on a continuum from casual or colloquial to formal or polite according to the type of communicative situation. 27.A regional dialect may gain status and become standardized as the national or o_ language of a country. 28.The standard language is a s_, socially prest
12、igious dialect of language. 29.Language varieties other than the standard are called nonstandard, or v_ languages. 30. A pidgin typically lacks in i_ morphemes. 31. Linguistic taboo reflects s_ taboo. 32.The avoidance of using taboo language mirrors social attitudes, emotions and value judgments and
13、 has no l_ basis. III. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement: 33. _ is concerned with the social significance of language variation and language use in different speech communities.A. PsycholinguisticsB. Sociolinguistics C. Historical l
14、inguistics D. General linguistics 34. The most distinguishable linguistic feature of a regional dialect is its _. A. use of wordsB. use of structures C. accent D. morphemes 35. _ is speech variation according to the particular area where a speaker comes from. A. Regional variation B. Language variat
15、ion C. Social variation D. Register variation 36. _ are the major source of regional variation of language. A. Geographical barriers B. Loyalty to and confidence in ones native speech C. Physical discomfort and psychological resistance to change D. Social barriers 37. _ means that certain authorities, such as the gov-ernment choose, a particular speech variety, standardize it and spread the use of it across regional boundaries. A. Language interference B. Lang
