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1、【绪论】Medicine jurisprudence【死亡学】法医学：Forensic medicine Legal medicine 法医病理学(forensic pathology) 法医临床学(forensic clinical medicine) 法医物证学(science of medicolegal physical) 法医毒理学(forensic toxicology ) 法医毒物分析(forensic toxicological analysis ) 法医人类学(forensic anthropology ) 法医精神病学(forensic psychiatry ) 法科学：
2、Forensic science (legal)死亡(death)程序性生理死亡(programmed) 凋亡(apotosis)坏死(necrisis) 死亡学(thanatalogy) 法医死亡学(forensic thanatalogy ) Agonal stage 濒死期 月百死亡 b brain death ) 植物人(vegetative patient )多器官功能衰竭(multiple organ failure , MOF ) 超生反应(supravital reaction ) 假死(apparent death ) 自杀死(suicide death) 他杀死(homic
3、ide death) 灾害事故死(accidental death) Contributing cause of death 辅助死因 Conjunctive cause of death 联合死因 Clinical death stage 临床死亡期 Certification of death 死亡确认 Mechanism of death死亡机制Manner of death死亡方式Euthanasia 安乐死 Inductive cause of death死亡原因Immediate cause of death 直接原因 Underlying cause of death 间接原因【
4、尸体现象】尸体变化(postmortem change/phenomena)尸冷(algor motis )尸斑(livor mortis/hypostasis )Turbidity of cornea 角膜混沌Hypostasis 血液坠积尸僵(rigor mortis )尸体痉挛(cadavericsspasm)肌肉松弛(muscular flaccidity )自溶(autolysis )Autodigestion 自身消化侵软(maceration)腐败(putrefaction ) Postmortem putrefacation干尸(木乃伊，mummy)尸腊(adipocere)p
5、archrvent like transformation皮革样变【机械性损伤】机械性损伤(mechanical injury )擦伤(abrasion )表皮剥脱(scrapes)擦痕(graze)抓痕(scratch)压痕(impression)挫伤(contusion)挫伤(contusion)锐器创(sharp instrument wound )专屯器创(blunt instrument wound )枪弹仓,j ( gunshot wound )挫裂创(laceration)撕裂创(tearing)骨折(fracture )内脏破裂(rupture of viscera )肢体离断
6、(amputation)神经源T休克(neurogenic shook)震荡伤(concussive injury)切创(incisedwound)Genetic marker 试切创砍创(chop wound)抵抗伤(defence wound )刺创(stab wound)剪创(scissoring wound )徒手伤(bare-hands injury)咬伤(bite wound)棍棒伤(stick injury )醇石伤(brick or stone injury )斧锤伤(axe-hammer injury )组织间桥(tissue bridge )高坠伤(injury by fa
7、lling )火器伤(firearm injury )射入口 ( entrance bullet wound )挫伤轮(contusion collar)擦拭轮(abrasion collar) 污垢轮(grease ring)射击残留物(shot residue)火药颗粒(smudging )烟晕(smudging)枪口印痕(muzzle imprint )火药斑纹 /烧灼痕(powder tattoing )射创管(bullet wound track )射出口( exit bullet wound )霰弹创(shotgun wound )爆炸伤(explosion injury )致命伤
8、(fatal injury ) 绝对致命伤(absolute injury ) 条件致命伤(conditional injury ) 损伤时间推断(dating of wound) 生前伤(antemortem injuries ) 生活反应(vital reaction ) 死后伤 P postmortem injuries ) 颅脑损伤(head injuries ) 头皮擦伤(abrasion of the scalp) 头皮挫伤(bruising of the scalp ) 头皮裂创(laceration of the scalp) 硬脑膜外出血(extradural hemorrh
9、age) 硬脑膜下出血(subdural hemorrhage) 蛛网膜下腔出血(subarachnoid hemorrhage) 夕卜伤性月百出血 t traumatic cerebral hemorrhage) 脑损伤(brain injury ) 脑挫伤(brain contusion)弥漫性轴索损伤(diffuse axonal injury , DAI ) 冲击性脑挫伤(coup contusion) 对冲性脑挫伤 ( contrecoup contusion) 交通事故损伤(transportation injury ) 交通损伤(traffic injuries)道路交通事故损伤
10、(road traffic accident injury ) 铁路运输事故损伤(railway accident injury ) 撞击伤(impact injury)摔跌伤(injury sustained by falling)碾压伤(run-over injury) 伸展创(extension wound) 拖擦伤(haul abrasion) 碰撞伤(impact injury) 挥鞭样损伤(whiplash injury) 保险带损伤(seatbelt injury) 烧伤(burn) 烫伤(scald) 冻伤(frostbite) 冻伤(frostbite) 电击伤(electr
11、ical injury) 电击死(electrical death) 电流斑(current mark) Crush injury 挤压伤 Current mark 电流伤 Child abuse 虐待儿童【机械性窒息】机械性窒息 (mechanical asphyxia ) 呼吸(respiration)窒息(asphyxia )Tardieu, s 斑缢死(hanging )勒死(ligature strangulation )扼死 m manual strangulation ) 掐死(throttling )捂死(smothering)哽死(choking)性窒息死(sexual as
12、phyxia )溺死(drowning )硅藻(diatom )【猝死】猝死(sudden unexpected natural death )即时死(instantaneous death )冠心病(coronary heart disease )青壮年猝死综合征(Sudden manhood death syndrome,SMDS )婴幼儿猝死综合征(Sudden infant death syndrome,SIDS )Myocarditis 心肌炎【强奸与性犯罪】性犯罪(sexual offences)强奸(rape)猥亵(indecency)【法医临床学】损伤(injury )致命伤(
13、Fatal injury )非致命伤(Nonfatal injury )重伤(Grave injury )轻伤(Flesh injury )轻微伤(Slight injury )诈伤(病)(Malingering or fictitious injuries or disease )造作伤(病)(Fabricated injuries or disease )【法医精神病学】法医精神病学(forensic psychiatry)民事行为能力(civil capability )个人识另1J ( personal identification )刑事责任能力(criminal capacity
14、)【亲权鉴定】亲权鉴定(dispute parentage testing , parentage testing )血型(Blood group)父权指数(paternity index, PI)父权相对机会(Relative chance of paternity, RCP)【法医物证学】法医物证(Physical evidence )Blood stain 血痕【医疗纠纷】医疗纠纷(medical tangle )医疗事故(medical negligence )【中毒与药物滥用】毒理学(Toxicology )法医毒理学(Forensic toxicology )法医毒物分析(Forensic toxicological analysis )毒物 p poison)中毒 P poisoning ) 中毒量 t toxic dose) 中毒血浓度(toxic blood level ) 致死血浓度(fatal blood level ) 毒f(toxicity)Drug abuse药物滥用Drug addition药物成瘾Drug dependence 药物依赖
