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1、几种典型的作文开头引述方法Type1引述他人观点（为提出自己观点铺垫） 1 It is widely(commonly) accepted(hold)+THAT 2 A widely accepted(commonly) hold idea(point of view,viewpoint, opinion,assumption)is +THAT/NP 3 A/The dominant(prevalent, prevailing)idea(see 2)is NP/to DO 4 It is taken for granted+THAT(or:We often/frequently take it
2、 for granted THAT) 5 People(The majority) seem to get accustomed to the idea(see 2),without questioning,THAT 6 People are willing to regard NP1 as NP2/ADJ 7 People are willing to DO,while reluctant to DO Type2提出异议 1 However (But), 2 Such idea(see1-2),if not entirely ADJ1,is somewhat ADJ2 and needs c
3、areful consideration. ADJI=unreasonable,unacceptable, inappropriate,improper,undesirable, etc; ADJ2=misleading,doubtrul, etc 3 In fact(As a matter of fact),(follow2) 4 However, it is not (quite, necessarily)the case. 5 This (It) is not (quite, necessarily) the case and needs to bo fruther considered
4、/discussed.(or:further consideration/discussion) Type3论述的展开：说明原因和理由，层进，举例，转折 1 The reason lies in several aspects, 2 The reason why+clause+1, underlined 3 There are several remarkable reasons. 4 层进in addition, besides, fruthermore, whats more, on the other hand, meanwhile, for one thingfor another;
5、finally, above all, in short. 5 举例for example, for instance, such (general term) as (specific terms),a typical (striking) example is that, a case in point 6 转折however, but, nevertheless,on the contrary 7 条件if , provided that, unless, as long as,etc Type4 就而言；关于 1 as far as is/are concemed: As far as
6、 current situation is concerned 2 as t the problem as to NP有关的问题 Type5问题 1 Although much effort has been made, the situation is far from satisfactory (or: the problem remains unsolved, little improvement has been achieved) 2 There is a tendency, as recent study (investigation) has pointed out (shown
7、, revealed, indicated),+THAT 3 There is growing concern about +NP 4 It will inevitably (is likely to )result in (lead to ) unwanted (serious) consequence (or NP) 5 Unfortunately, 6 We will not be able to afford the risk of overlooking the seriousness of the matter. 7 The process, once initiated, is
8、most likely irreversible. 8 We are constantly (frequently) faced with NP TYPE6重要与必要；（应）注意与重视 1 NP1 is of great importance (necessity, value) in NP2 (or: NP is of enormous significance) 2 The importance (necessity) of NP (to do sth.) lies in (the fact) that 3 NP1 plays, as is known, an irreplaceably
9、important role in NP2 4 The irreplaceably important role NP1 plays in NP2 is significant (obvous) 5 NP1 is an indispensable part of NP2 6 It is important (necessary) to DO (or:THAT) 7 Special attention should be pay to (or: We should pay special attention to) 8 What we should take into consideration
10、 is +NP Type7行动 1(immediate, emergent, effective) Measures are being taken (has been taken, should be taken) to DO 3 We have made much effort, there is still more we need to make (cf. We have learnt a lot, there is much more we need to lea123) Type8二择其一 1 If it were left for me to decide whether (wh
11、-clause),I would, without hesitation, choose+to DO (or: I would prefer the former/the latter) 2 To DO/NP is a matter of prerence. 3 It is difficult to make a choice for one can hardly gain most without losing any. 4 The difficulty lies in the fact that the advantages and disadvantages of both cases
12、are equally obvious. 5 In fact, we may well preserve a delicate balance or compromise between the two than go to extreme. 6 It is not sensible to exclude one of the choices completely 7 (of two conflicting ideas, concepts) Though conflicting to one another, they are so closely associated that unders
13、tanding one will be impossible without discussing the other. 8 The benefits of NP are varied 9While disadvantages are unavoidable, it is the advantages that prevail. 2 There is a tendency, as recent study (investigation) has pointed out (shown, revealed, indicated),+THAT 3 There is growing concern a
14、bout +NP 4 It will inevitably (is likely to )result in (lead to ) unwanted (serious) consequence (or NP) 5 Unfortunately, 6 We will not be able to afford the risk of overlooking the seriousness of the matter. 7 The process, once initiated, is most likely irreversible. 8 We are constantly (frequently
15、) faced with NP TYPE6重要与必要；（应）注意与重视 1 NP1 is of great importance (necessity, value) in NP2 (or: NP is of enormous significance) 2 The importance (necessity) of NP (to do sth.) lies in (the fact) that 3 NP1 plays, as is known, an irreplaceably important role in NP2 4 The irreplaceably important role NP1 plays in NP2 is significant (obvous) 5 NP1 is an indispensable part of NP2 6 It is important (necessary) to DO (or:THAT) 7 Special attention should be pay to (or: We should pay special attention to
