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1、2022-2023年考博英语-山西大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题The rehabilitation center admits patients who have difficulties to get rid of（ ）drinking.问题1选项A.compulsoryB.compulsiveC.conditionalD.compelling【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项compulsory“强制的，规定的，义务的”；B选项compulsive“难以制止的；难控制的”；C选项conditional“附带条件的；依而定的”；D选项compelling“非常强烈的；不可抗
2、拒的”。句意：这个康复中心接纳那些难以戒酒的病人。结合语境与选项，酒瘾为难以制止的，可知compulsive与其意思对应。因此B选项正确。2. 单选题Theres a whole（ ）of bills waiting to be paid.问题1选项A.stockB.stackC.numberD.sequence【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。4个选项都有“大量”的意思。A选项stock“储备物；备用物；供应物”，指储存以后拿来用的物品，a stock of“一批，大量储备”；B选项stack“大量；许多；一大堆”，指数量很多的物品，a stack of“一堆，一摞”；C选项number“大量
3、”，a number of“一些，许多”，搭配可数名词复数形式；D选项sequence“序列，顺序”，指有先后顺序和连贯的事物，a sequence of“一系列，一连串”。句意：有一大堆的账单等着你去付。There is 是单数形式，结合语境中一大堆的账单和词组用法，a stack of“一堆”和bills“账单搭配”。因此B选项正确。3. 单选题Despite the（ ）conditions, the road was finished in just eight months.问题1选项A.attachedB.adverseC.adequateD.annual【答案】B【解析】考查形容
4、词辨析。A选项attached “附加的；依恋的”；B选项adverse “不利的；敌对的”；C选项adequate “充足的；适当的；胜任的”；D选项annual “年度的；每年的”。句意：尽管存在种种（ ）情况，公路还是仅用8个月就完工了。因此B选项正确。4. 单选题Once upon a time, people believed staying a healthy weight was easy. To lose weight you simply had to practice the reverse of home economicsspend more than you earn
5、ed. Unfortunately for many, but perhaps not surprisingly, it turns out that people are rather more complicated than bank accounts.To stay a healthy weight, you need a hormone called lepton to work properly. It sends “Im full” messages from the fat cells up to the brain, where they go, among other pl
6、aces, to the same pleasure centers that respond to drugs like cocaine. Fat people produce plenty of lepton, but the brain doesnt seem to respond to it properly. Last year researchers at the Oregon Research Institute scanned the brains of overweight people and found their reward circuit（线路）were under
7、active. They were eating more to try to get the enjoyment they were missing.Theres a lot of evidence for the fact that most, if not all, of us have a set point around which our weight can vary by about seven to nine kilos, but anything beyond that is a real struggle. Making changes is hard, particul
8、arly if your body is working against you. So why not reject the traditional approaches and try some new method, based on the latest research, that work with your body rather than against it.Several years ago researchers at the National Institute on Aging in Baltimore reported that when they gave rat
9、s very little food one day and allowed them to eat plenty the next, they showed virtually all the benefits of a permanent calorie restriction diet. The same goes for humans, according to Dr. James Johnson.How does it work? Besides forcing the body to burn fat, it may also cause hormonal changes. Mos
10、t people say that the diet takes a bit of getting used to, but is not as grinding as trying to cut back on an everyday basis.Older dieters may remember something called brown fat. Unlike the undesirable white stuff; this was a dieters dream. Instead of storing excess energy as fat, brown-fat tissue
11、burned it off to keep you warmat least in mice. Brown fat fell out of favor because researchers couldnt find much in humans but now, thanks to the New England journal of Medicine, its back in fashion. The idea is to expose people to cold temperatures. They then make more brown fat and their weight d
12、rops.1.The last sentence in paragraph 1 indicates that peoples understanding of losing weight（ ）.2.According to the findings of the Oregon Research Institute,（ ）.3.The method used by the National Institute on Aging can be summarized as “（ ）”.4.The word “grinding” in the paragraph 5 is closest in mea
13、ning to（ ）.5.It can be learned that brown fat（ ）.问题1选项A.is unnecessarily complicatedB.seems rather unreasonableC.used to be limitedD.can be partly justified问题2选项A.Overweight people got less pleasure from eating the same amountB.Overweight people enjoyed eating more than the others doC.People will be
14、come overweight if they eat more than they needD.People are more likely to be overweight if they produce less lepton问题3选项A.No diet at allB.Diet on a daily basisC.Diet every other dayD.Diet permanently问题4选项A.EffectiveB.RealisticC.UnreliableD.Miserable问题5选项A.converts excess energy into fatB.accumulate
15、s easily in human bodiesC.works better in warm temperaturesD.burns extra energy to produce heat【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.推理判断题。第一段说到“Once upon a time, people believed staying a healthy weight was easy.（从前，人们认为保持健康的体重很容易。）”；“Unfortunately for many, but perhaps not surprisingly, it turns out that people are rather more complicated than bank accounts.（不幸的是，对许多人来说，事实证明人比银行账户复杂得多，但这也许并不令人意外。）”，由这两句可以看出以前人们对减肥的概念很片面、有限，殊不知人体机能是很复杂的，所以最后一句话表明了人们对减肥的理解是很有限的，A选项“复杂难懂的”；B选项“似乎是相当不合理的”；D选项“部分可以被证明的”都不符合段意
