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1、附加疑问句特例附加疑问句是英语中常用的句型，它主要由“陈述句+附加疑问句”构成。我们在学习附加疑问句的时候，除了掌握其一般规律外，还应该了解以下一些特殊情况。1.当陈述部分主语是I，谓语动词为am时，附加疑问句部分通常用arent I （还可用aint I或 am I not）。如：I am very dirty, arent I?2.如果陈述部分以不定代词one作主语，附加疑问部分的主语在正式场合用one，在非正式场合用you， 美国英语习惯用he。 如：One cant be too careful, can one? / can you?One should not praise one
2、self, should he?3. 当陈述部分的主语是everybody, everyone, someone, somebody,none, nobody, anyone, anybody等指人的不定代词时，附加疑问部分的主语在正式文体中通常用he, 如：Everybody knows where he has to go, doesnt he?Nobody likes to lose money, does he?None can do it, can he?在非正式语体中则往往用they, 如：Nobody says a word about the incident, do they
3、?Everyone has been told what to do, havent they?Somebody borrowed my dictionary yesterday, didnt they?但是，当anyone, everybody等作主语，而上下文已出现先行对应的单数代词时，附加疑问部分的主语则必须用其相应的单数代词。如：If anybody comes here, he will be welcome, wont he?Someone came into the restaurant and ordered her meal, didnt she?另外，若陈述部分的主语是ev
4、erything, anything, something, nothing等指物的不定代词时，附加疑问部分的主语必须用it。如：Nothing he did was right, was it?Everything seems all right, doesnt it?Something is wrong with my watch, isnt it?4. 若陈述部分的主语是指示代词this和that或不定式短语、动名词及从句时，附加疑问部分的主语必须用it；若为these和those时，则要用they。如：This is your pen, isnt it?Packing the suit
5、case has taken up a whole morning, hasnt it?Whether they will come or not doesnt matter too much, does it?Those dont work well, do they?5. 当陈述部分带有seldom, hardly, never, rarely, few, little, nowhere, nothing, scarcely等否定词或半否定词时，附加疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。如：He never dared to go, did he?Few people like the doctor,
6、 do they?She seldom showed her feeling, did she?He can hardly write, can he?如果陈述部分带有un-, dis-, im-等否定词缀的词时，那么该陈述部分作肯定句处理，附加疑问部分一般仍用否定形式。如：She was unsuccessful, wasnt she?Its unfair, isnt it?6. 当陈述部分带有表示“拥有”含义的动词have时，附加疑问部分既可以用have形式，也可以用do形式。如果陈述部分的动词是have的否定形式，附加疑问部分用have形式还是do形式，取决于陈述部分的动词形式。如：Yo
7、u have a new bike, havent you?/ dont you?She hasnt lot of time to rest, has she?Tim doesnt have any money in his pocket, does he?当陈述部分的have不表示“拥有”而表示其它含义时，附加疑问部分须用do的相应形式。如：You often have headaches, dont you?They had a good time yesterday, didnt they?7. 当陈述部分带有情态动词ought to时，附加疑问部分在英国英语中仍用ought,但在美国英
8、语中常用should。如：Tom ought to study hard, oughtnt he?We ought to go by plane, shouldnt we?当陈述部分带有情态动词used to时，附加疑问部分可用used形式或did形式。如：He used to come on Sunday, didnt he?The Blacks used to live in the country, usednt they?当陈述部分带有情态动词neednt时，附加疑问部分通常仍用need,有时也可以用must。如：You neednt go yet, need you?She need
9、nt do that, must she?当陈述部分带有情态动词must时，附加疑问部分通常仍用must。如：You must study hard next term, mustnt you?We mustnt walk on grass, must we?若must作“有必要”解，附加疑问部分也可以用neednt。如：You must go to school right now, neednt you?当must表示“一定”、“想必”等推测性意义时，附加疑问部分间或也可以根据上下文采用其它动词。如：She must be in the room, isnt she?(She must b
10、e in the room= Im sure she is in the room.)分析：句中must be是对现在情况进行推测，可当作一般现在时来处理。He must be playing football on the playground, isnt he?(He must be playing football= Im sure he is playing football.)分析：句中must be是对现在情况进行推测，可当作现在进行时来处理。He must have waited here for a long time, hasnt he?(He msut have waite
11、d =Im sure he has waited)分析：句中must+完成时表示推测过去情况中的动作持续到现在，这时就可以按照现在完成时来对待。You must have seen the film last week, didnt you?(You must have seen = Im sure you saw)分析：句中must+完成式表示对过去情况的推测，可以作为一般过去时来处理。当陈述部分带有dare, need, had better, would rather等情态动词时，附加疑问部分就要用这些情态动词。Had better有时也可以用shouldnt。如：You darent
12、play with us, dare you?You had better come tomorrow, hadnt you?You had better have a rest, shouldnt you?Youd rather work than play, wouldnt you?但是当dare, need作实义动词时，附加疑问部分就要用do。如：She doesnt dare to touch the snake, does she?8.当陈述部分的行为动词是表示愿望的wish时，附加疑问部分用may,而且前后两部分都用肯定形式。如：I wish to go home now, may
13、 I?9.当陈述部分是there be句型时，附加疑问部分没有语法上的主语。Theres an apple on the table, isnt there?There isnt anyone at home, is there?当陈述部分以副词there引导时，则根据主语的单复数选择相应的代词形式作附加疑问部分的主语。如：There goes the bell, doesnt it?There stand some statues in front of the buiding, dont they?10. 当陈述部分是一个带有that分句作宾语的主从结构时，附加疑问部分一般应与主句的主语和
14、谓语动词保持对应关系。如：You think you are funny, dont you?She thinks she is going to become an actor, doesnt she?He says I did it, doesnt he?但是，当陈述部分的主句是I suppose, I believe, I suspect, I imagine, I think, I guess等结构时，附加疑问部分往往与that分句的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系，但要注意否定的转移。如：I think they have left for Shanghai, havent they?I
15、dont think she will come tomorrow, will she?11.当陈述部分的主语是I，附加疑问部分表示的意思相当于一个句子时，附加疑问部分的主语用you。如：I dont care much for him, do you?(do you= how about you)12. 陈述部分如果是并列句，附加疑问部分的主谓语应与临近分句的主谓语保持一致。如：We must study English hard or we cant be good at it, can we?Mike speaks English, but his wife speaks Chinese, doesnt she?陈述部分如果是主从复合句，附加疑问部分的主谓语应与主句的主谓语保持一致。如：You neednt do that when your servant is here, need you?She was talking to the girl whose father was the manager, wasnt she?13. 当陈述部分的宾语具有否定意义时，附加疑问部分既可以用肯定形式，也可以用否定形式。如：He said
