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1、初中英语语法梳理和提高代词讲解试题（一）指示代词：this , that , these , those. this , that(1) this ,these一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物，而that ,those 指较远（2）前面刚刚提到过的东西，为避免重复，常用that, those 表示。 Im sorry to hear that.The weather in summer is much hotter than that in winter in Beijing.( 3)下文将要提到的事情， 可用these, this 表示， 起启下的作用。Tell the children to
2、 do like this: knock the stick into the earth first, then tie the tree to it.而that 表示前面所说的事物，有承接上文的作用。He was ill, That is why he didnt come to school that day.(4) this , that 用作电话用语。-Hello, is that Mary speaking?Yes, this is Mary speaking.(二)人称代词、物主代词和反身代词 1）人称代词：主格、宾格（作主语为主格， 作宾语为宾格; 介+宾格,动词+宾格。）eg
3、. 1)I thank you )You thank me. 宾格可以作表语。特别是在口语中。-Whos that?- Its me. 注意：人称代词we, you, they 可以用来表示一般人。例如：You cannot go into the hall with slippers. 不准穿拖鞋进入大厅。人称代的主格作表语，一般都在正中的谈话中， 表示强调。It was he who took away the necklace. 是他拿走了那条项链。用she /he 可指代动物或使事物拟人化（人称代词she可以用指代祖国、大地、月亮、轮船等）。 例如：Its a very good co
4、w, and she gives lots of milk.The ship is leaving. Shes on her first trip to Boston. We love our country, we hope shell be stronger and stronger.英语里当主语是并列的几个人时，人称代词的排列顺序是：you and I; you and he/she; you, he/she and I; we and you; we and they; you and they; we, you and they; he and she 通常I在最后， you 在最前
5、；但是， 当受到批评或时承认错误时正好相反，I 在最前， you在最后。 You, he and I are all the winners.I, Li lei and you are wrong. We should do more for the project.It 的用法：it 通常用来代替事物或不知道性别的动物，有时也代替婴儿或年幼的孩子。Look at that child. It is very lovely. Who is it ?用在强调句中，没有实在意义。It is he that often helps me do my homework.It作为人称代词时，可以表示天气
6、、距离、时间、季节、日期、温度等。 It is about 10 kilometres from here.It 还可用作形式主语或形式宾语，来代替由不定式，动词的-ing,形式或主语从句构成的真正的主语或宾语， 以避免句子头重脚轻。It is not easy to learn English well.It is good for you taking a walk after supper.I found it difficult to sleep.2）物主代词：形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。一变(mymine); 二留(hishis itsits)三加s(youryours ; o
7、urours ; herhers ; theirtheirs)用法：有名不名，无名是名eg. This is _（我的）book. This book is _（我的）. my ; mine3）反身代词：某某自己；亲自单数复数yourselfyourselvesmyselfourselveshimselfthemselvesherselfitself反身代词的常见搭配：1.enjoy oneself 玩得高兴；过得愉快 2.hurt oneself 伤着自己3.teach oneself = learn by oneself 自学4.(all) by oneself （完全）独立地5.help
8、 oneself to 请自便；随便吃6.look after oneself 自理；照顾自己7.leave one by oneself 把单独留下8.lose oneself in 陶醉于；沉浸于9. introduce oneself 自我介绍10. dress oneself e to oneself（三）不定代词 1)some与any一般情况下，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句、疑问句（但表邀请、建议的问句中可用some此类句型常以could , would开头）条件状语从句中常用any. Eg: If you have any questions to ask, please
9、put up your hands.any 用于肯定句中，表示任何。Any boy can do it.no = not any eg: I have no money.= I have not any money. 2) many + 可数 = a lot of : 许多much + 不可数 （但a lot of不能用于否定句） 3) few , a few ; little , a little表否定表肯定可数few(几乎没有)a few(几个；一些)不可数little(几乎没有)a little(一点儿少许).The story is easy to read. There are _
10、few _new words in it. .Hurry up! There is_ time left. little4)some , any, every, no, 与one, body, thing 等构成不定代词的用法：作主语时，谓语用单数合成不定代词的定语后置something important everyone / anyone 不加of every one 指人和物，可加ofEvery one of us wants to read the book. no one 不加 of 用单数none of 人，物No one knows him except me. None of
11、them know(s) English. 5）other ,another , others单数复数泛指another三者以上的一个+单数定语主语、宾语othersomeothers特指onethe other一个另一个the others =the other+复名(另外的人或物) other，others，theother，theothers，another，any other，any others(1)other作形容词，通常用在单数或复数名词的前面，意为“别的；其他的；另外的”。 Ill come again some other day.我改日再来。 (2)others(=othe
12、r+复数名词)泛指“部分”含义，用于已知的一些人或物中，除去某些后余下的人或物中的一部分。The students of Class Four are cleaning the classroom. Some are carrying water，others are sweeping the floor.四班的学生们在打扫教室。一些人在打水，另一些人在扫地。 (3)the other 表示已知的两个（或两部分）人或事物中，特指的“另一个”或“另一些”，其后可跟单数或复数名词。 I have two brothers. One is a doctor，and the other is a te
13、acher. 我有两个兄弟。一位是医生，另一位是教师。 (4)the others(=theother+复数名词)指一定范围内除去一个或一部分后，“余下的人或物的全部”。This composition is better than the others.这篇作文比其他那些都好。 (5)another泛指不定数中（三者或三者以上）的“另一个”。another前面不能用定冠词the，它作为限定词（定语）通常与单数名词连用，但是它后面可以跟few或基数词的复数名词。This glass is broken，get me another please. 这只玻璃杯坏了，请给我再拿一个。 Ill st
14、ay here in another few days. 我要在这儿再呆几天。 注意：other和another都可以用来修饰数词，表示“另外的；附加的”，但是结构不同。other的位置是“数词+other+复数名词”，相当于more的用法；而another则是“another+数词+复数名词”。 今天下午我又写了两封信。 I wrote another two letters this afternoon. =I wrote two other letters this afternoon. =I wrote two more letters this afternoon. (6)any o
15、ther表示一个之外的其它任何一个，而不是两个之中的另一个。 (7)any others 表示一些之外的其他一些。.We study _ subjects besides Chinese. .May I have _ apple ?.These cups are clean. _ are dirty. .I have two pens. One is red , _ is blue. other ; another ; others ; the others There are many people in the park now. Some are boating,_are walking along the
