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1、2022年考博英语-厦门大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题The British historian Niall Ferguson speculated that the end of American_might not fuel an orderly shift to a multipolar system.问题1选项A.domainB.hegemonyC.sovereigntyD.preference【答案】B【解析】domain领地,领域; hegemony霸权; sovereignty主权,君主; preference偏爱, 优先权。句意：英国历史学家Niall Fer
2、guson推测, 美国霸权主义的终结可能不会推动美国向多极体系的有序转变。选项B符合句意。2. 案例题Most of us tell one two lies a day,according to scientists who study these things. And we rarely get caught,because the lies we tell are usually little ones: I got stuck in traffic. That color looks good on you. I was just about to call. But even th
3、e smallest fib may soon be systematically exposed,at least in the virtual World. Researchers at several universities are developing software that can detect lies in online communications such as instant messages e-mails and chatrooms. The ability to spot digital deception, as researchers call it,has
4、 never been more crucial. Today,much of our business and social life is conducted online, making us increasingly vulnerable. White collar criminals,sexual predators, scammers, identity thieves and even terrorists surf the same Web as the rest of us.Conventional lie detectors look for physiological s
5、igns of anxietya bead of sweat or a racing pulse but online systems examine only the liars words. When were looking at language, were looking at the tool of the lie, says Jeff Hancock,an assistant professor of communication and a member of the faculty of computing and information science at Cornell
6、University.Hancock,who recently received a $680,000 grant from the National Science Foundation to study digital deception, says there is a growing body of evidence that the language of dishonest messages is different than that of honest ones. For example,one study led by Hancock and due to be publis
7、hed this spring in Discourse Processes found that deceptive e-mail messages contained 28 percent more words on average and used a higher percentage of words associated with negative emotions than did truthful messages. Liars also tend to use fewer first-person references (such as the pronoun I) and
8、more third- person references (such as he and they). This may be the liars subconscious way of distancing himself from his lie.More surprising,Hancock and his colleagues have observed that the targets of liars also exhibit distinctive language patterns. For instance,people who are being deceived oft
9、en use shorter sentences and ask more questions. Even though they may not be aware that they are being lied to,people seem to exhibit subconscious suspicions.To identify the patterns of deceit,Hancock has developed an instant-messaging system at Cornell that asks users to rate the deceptiveness of e
10、ach message they send. The system has already collected 10,000 messages,of which about 6 percent qualify as patently deceptive. Eventually the results will be incorporated into software that analyzes incoming messages.For now,the Cornell researchers are working only with the kinds of lies told by st
11、udents and faculty. It remains to be seen whether such a system can be scaled up to handle big lies, such as messages sent by conartists and terrorists.Fortunately, the research so far suggests that people lie less often in e-mail than face-to-face or on the phone. Perhaps this is because people are
12、 reluctant to put their lies in writing. Hancock speculates. An e-mail generates multiple copies, he says.It will last longer than something carved in rock. So choose your words carefully. The internet may soon be rid not only deceit but also of lame excuses.1.The digital polygraph conducts testing
13、based on （ ）.2.List one of the differences between false pretences and unfeigned messages,according to Hancocks study.3.The language patterns of those harboring suspicious perspectives would be characteristics of .4.Why does Hancock need the rating results of the message deceptiveness?5.Why do peopl
14、e lie less in e-mail messages than confronting with each other according to Hancocksspeculation?【答案】1.the liars words.2.According to Hancocks study,deceptive e-mail messages contained 28 percent more words on average and used a higher percentage of words associated with negative emotions than did tr
15、uthful messages.3.the targets of liars.4.To identify the patterns of deceit.5.Perhaps this is because people are reluctant to put their lies in writing.【解析】1.根据第三段的第一句“Conventional lie detectors look for physiological signs of anxietya bead of sweat or a racing pulsebut online systems examine only t
16、he liars words.”传统的测谎仪寻找焦虑的生理信号, 而电子测谎仪只检测说谎者的话语。所以这里应填入“the liars words.”2.根据第四段的第二句“Processes found that deceptive e-mail messages contained 28 percent more words on average and used a higher percentage of words associated with negative emotions than did truthful messages.”研究发现, 欺骗性的电子邮件比真实的邮件平均多包含28%的词汇, 使用的与负面情绪有关的词汇比例也更
