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1、to effectsuccessfulSupplementary ExercisesI. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False:1. Both semantics and pragmatics study how speakers of a language use sentences successful communication2. Pragmatics treats the meaning of language as something intrinsic and inherent.3. It
2、 would be impossible to give an adequate description of meaning if the context of language use was left unconsidered.4. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning the context of use is considered.5. The major difference between a sentence and an uttera
3、nce is that a sentence is not uttered while an utterance is.6. The meaning of a sentence is abstract, but context-dependent.7. The meaning of an utterance is decontexualized, therefore stable.8. Utterances always take the form of complete sentences9. Speech act theory was originated with the British
4、 philosopher John Searle.10. Speech act theory started in the late 50s of the 20th century.11. Austin made the distinction between a constative and a performative.12. Perlocutionary act is the act of expressing the speaker s intention.II.Fill in each blank below with one word which begins with the l
5、etter given:13. Pis the study of how speakers of a language use sentences to effectcommunication.14. What essentially distinguishes s and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning the context of use is considered.15. The notion of c is essential to the pragmatic study of language.16. If we think
6、 of a sentence as what people actually utter in the course of communication, it becomes an u.17. The meaning of a sentence is a, and decontexualized.18. C were statements that either state or describe, and were thus verifiable.19. P were sentences that did not state a fact or describe a state, and w
7、ere not verifiable.20. A l act is the act of uttering words, phrases, clauses. It is the act of conveying literalmeaning by means of syntax, lexicon and phonology.21. An i act is the act of expressing the speaker s intention; it is the act performed insaying something.22. A c is commit the speaker h
8、imself to some future course of action.23. An e is to express feelings or attitude towards an existing state.24. There are four maxims under the cooperative principle: the maxim of q, the maxim ofquality, the maxim of relation and the maxim of manner.III. There are four choices following each statem
9、ent. Mark the choice that can best completethe statement:25. does not study meaning in isolation, but in context.A. Pragmatics B. SemanticsC. Sense relationD. Concept26. The meaning of language was considered as something in traditional semantics.D. logicalA. contextualB. behaviouristicC. intrinsic2
10、7. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaningis considered.A. referenceB. speech actC. practical usageD. context28. A sentence is a concept, and the meaning of a sentence is often studied in isolation.A. pragmaticB. grammaticalC. mentalD. conceptual29.
11、 If we think of a sentenceas what people actually utter in the course of communication, itbecomes a(n)A. constativeB. directiveC. utteranceD. expressive30. Which of the following is true?A. Utterances usually do not take the form of sentences.B. Some utterances cannot be restored to complete sentenc
12、es.C. No utterances can take the form of sentences.D. All utterances can be restored to complete sentences.31. Speech act theory did not come into being until .A. in the late 50 s of the 20the centuryB. in the early 1950 sC. in the late 1960 sD. in the early 21st century.32. is the act performed by
13、or resulting from saying something; it is the consequence of, or the change brought about by the utterance.A. A locutionary actB. An illocutionary actC. A perlocutionary actD. A performative act33. According to Searle, the illocutionary point of the representative is .A. to get the hearer to do some
14、thingB. to commit the speaker to somethings being the caseC. to commit the speaker to some future course of actionD. to express the feelings or attitude towards an existing state of affairs.34. All the acts that belong to the same category share the same purpose, but they differA. in their illocutio
15、nary acts.B. in their intentions expressedC. in their strength or forceD. in their effect brought about35. is advanced by Paul GriceA. Cooperative PrincipleB. Politeness PrincipleC. The General Principle of Universal GrammarD. Adjacency Principle36. When any of the maxims under the cooperative principle is flouted, might arise.A. impolitenessB. contradictionsC. mutual understandingD. conversational implicaturesI. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False:l. F 2. F 3.T 4.T 5.F 6.F 7.F 8.F 9.F 10.T 11.T 12.FII. Fill in each bla
