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1、2022年考博英语-广东工业大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Among the 74 cities monitored for air quality standards, the level of PM 2.5 fell by 11.1%（ ）in 2014, but only 8 met the national standard for clean air, the Ministry of Environmental Protection said Friday.问题1选项A.in consequenceB.at all costsC.on averageD.in th
2、e extreme【答案】C【解析】考查介词短语词义辨析。A选项in consequence表示“因此，结果”，B选项at all costs表示“无论如何，不惜一切代价”，C选项on average表示“平均，普通，通常”，D选项in the extreme表示“非常，极度”。由句意可知，在进行空气质量标准监测的74个城市中，2014年PM2.5水平（ ）下降了11.1%，所以只有C选项词义最符合原文句意，故本题正确答案为C选项。2. 单选题In New Zealand, experts are putting forward suggestions to reduce sugar swee
3、tened（ ）consumption, claiming that it may contain unhealthy amounts of sugar.问题1选项A.beverageB.barbecueC.blueprintD.briefcase【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项beverage表示“饮料”；B选项barbecue表示“烤肉”；C选项blueprint表示“蓝图，行动方案”；D选项briefcase表示“公文包”。由后文claiming that it may contain unhealthy amounts of sugar可知，前面提到的内容富含糖分，综合对比四
4、个选项，只有beverage可以包含糖分，因此本题正确答案为A选项。3. 单选题Only two countries in the advanced world provide no guarantee for paid leave from work to care for a newborn child. Last spring one of the two, Australia, gave up the dubious distinction by establishing paid family leave starting in 2011. I wasnt surprised whe
5、n this didnt make the news here in the United Stateswere now the only wealthy country without such a policy.The United States does have one explicit family policy, the Family and Medical Leave Act, passed in 1993. It entitles workers to as much as 12 weeks unpaid leave for care of a newborn or deali
6、ng with a family medical problem. Despite the modesty of the benefit, the Chamber of Commerce and other business groups fought it bitterly, describing it as “government-run personnel management and a dangerous precedent. In fact, every step of the way, as（usually）Democratic leaders have tried to int
7、roduce work-family balance measures into the law, business groups have been strongly opposed.As Yale law professor Anne Alstott argues, justifying parental support depends on defining the family as a social good that, in some sense, society must pay for. In her book No Exit: What Parents Owe Their C
8、hildren and What Society Owes Parents, she argues that parents are burdened in many ways in their lives: there is no exit when it comes to children. Society expectsand needsparents to provide their children with continuity of care, meaning the intensive, intimate care that human beings need to devel
9、op their intellectual, emotional and moral capabilities. And society expectsand needsparents to persist in their roles for 18 years, or longer if needed.While most parents do this out of love, there are public penalties for not providing care. What parents do, in other words, is of deep concern to t
10、he state, for the obvious reason that caring for children is not only morally urgent but essential for the future of society. The state recognizes this in the large body of family laws that govern children welfare, yet parents receive little help in meeting the life-changing obligations society impo
11、ses. To classify parenting as a personal choice for which there is no collective responsibility is not merely to ignore the social benefits of good parenting; really, it is to steal those benefits because they accrue（不断积累）to the whole of society as todays children become tomorrows productive citizen
12、ry（公民）.In fact, by some estimates, the value of parental investments in children, investments of time and money（including lost wages）, is equal to 20-30% of gross domestic product. If these investments generate huge social benefits-as they clearly dothe benefits of providing more social support for
13、the family should be that much clearer.1. What do we learn about paid family leave from the first paragraph?2. What has prevented the passing of work-family balance laws in the United States?3. What is Professor Anne Alstotts argument for parental support?4. What does the author think of Americas la
14、rge body of family laws-governing childrens welfare?5. Why does the author object to classifying parenting as a personal choice?问题1选项A.Its meaning was clarified when it was established in Australia.B.It has now become a hot topic in the United States.C.It came as a surprise when Australia adopted th
15、e policy.D.America is now the only developed country without the policy.问题2选项A.The incompetence of the Democrats.B.The opposition from business circles.C.The lack of a precedent in American history.D.The existing Family and Medical Leave Act.问题3选项A.Good parenting benefits society.B.The cost of raising children in the U. S. has been growing.C.The U. S. should keep up with other developed countries.D.Children need continuous care.问题4选项A.They fail to ensure childrens healthy growthB.They fail to provide enough support for parentsC.They emphasize parents legal responsibi
