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1、核心考点突破考点1介词的分类与语法功能1.介词是虚词，不能单独作句子成分，必须与名词、代词(或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句等)构成介词短语，在句中充当一个成分。介词分为：简单介词，如at,in,for等；合成介词，如within,inside,onto,throughout等；短语介词，如according to,out of,because of,by means of,in spite of,instead of等；双重介词，如from behind/above/under,until after等；分词介词，如considering,including,judging(from/by
2、)等。 2.介词短语在句中可作表语、定语、状语和宾补等。如：This machine is in good condition.(表语)Where is the key to my bike?(定语)Nothing in the world could live without air or water.(状语)She always thinks herself above others.(宾补)考点2介词搭配1.“动词+介词”搭配：注意特定搭配与同一介词与多个动词搭配意义不同的情况。(1)rob sb.of sth./clear the road of snow 表示“夺去、除去”的动词与o
3、f 连用。(2)supply us with food/fill the glass with wine 表示“供给”的动词与with连用。(3)make a desk of wood/make bread from flour/make the material into a coat表示“制作、制造”与of,from,into连用。(4)介词+the+部位与动词的关系=动词+sb.s+部位strike him on the head表示“击，拍，碰，摸”与on连用。catch him by the arm表示“抓，拉，拿，扯”与by连用。hit the boy in the face表示“
4、肚，胸，眼，脸”等人体前部与in连用。(5)say to sb.(suggest、explain、apologize、murmur、whisper与“对象”连用必须用to)不可说suggest sb.sth.。同一动词与不同介词搭配意义不同。如：look for“寻找”/to“眺望”/at“看”，agree with sb./on sth./to sth. “同意”,call for“需要”/on“拜访”/in“请”,hear of“听说”/from“收到信”同一介词与不同动词搭配，意义各异。如：reply to the letter“回信”，sing (dance) to the music
5、“和唱(跳)”，amount to “达到，加起来有”，devote to“把贡献给”，drink to“为干杯”，object to“反对”，look forward to “渴望”，come to“苏醒”，belong to“属于”，search for“搜”，ask.for.“寻找”，use.for“用作”，leave for“前往”，take.for“误以为”，call of“倡导”，wait for“等待”，care for“喜欢”，make up for“弥补损失”，turn to“求助(救)于”，help oneself to“随意”，agree to“同意”，compare.t
6、o“把比作”，send for“派人去请(拿)”，sail for“驶向，航向”，set out for“动身去”，go in for“爱好”。2.常见“形容词+介词”搭配。afraid for “替而担心”，afraid of“担心”，angry about/at sth.,angry with sb. “对某事生气”，different from“与不同”，different to.“不关心”，anxious for sth.“渴望”，anxious about sth./sb. “担心”，tired of“讨厌”，tired from/with“因疲倦”，strict with sb.
7、“对某人严格”，strict in sth.“对某事要求严格”，good at“擅长”，good for“对有益”，popular with sb.“受欢迎”,popular in some place“流行”，popular for.“因而流行”，helpful to“对有帮助”，be familiar with“熟悉”，be familiar to“为熟知(悉)”，sorry for.“替后悔”，disappointed at sth.“对失望”，absent from“缺席”，rich in“富有”，worthy of“值得的”，glad about sth.for sb.“为某人某事高
8、兴”，far from“离远”，grateful for sth.to sb.“为某事感激某人”，free from“没有(免除)”，proud of(take pride in)“自豪”，satisfied with (by)“满意”，sure of/about“确信”，fond of“喜欢”，fit for“适合”，busy with sth.(in doing sth.)“忙着干某事”，full of“充满”，ready for“准备”，similar to“相似”，wrong with“不对；有毛病”这些搭配还有很多，而且都是固定的，要熟练掌握，达到自然而然就能运用。3.“名词+介词”
9、要注意习惯搭配和意义区分。如：the absence of water“缺水”，the hope of success“成功的希望”，have a chance of(for)entering college“上大学的机会”，take pride in them“为他们感到骄傲”，the key to the question“问题的答案”，a medicine for cough“治咳嗽的药”，the ticket for tomorrow“明天的票”，his absence in Beijing“去了北京”，his absence from Beijing“不在北京 ”考点3核心介词用法归
10、纳与辨析1.表示时间的介词in的用法如下。表示在某一较长时间内，如世纪、年、月、季、周等一般用介词in，如：in the 1990s,in January,in(the)winterin和during表一段时间内两词可互用。如：in the night,during the night,in the war,during the war。但略有区别：当接表示“活动”的抽象名词时多用during，接“活动”的动名词及短语时用in。如：during the discussion/in discussing the problem during her stay in Hubei/in playin
11、g basketball/during the course of/in digging the tunnel 2.在具体的某一天或某天上午、晚上、前夕，常用on。3.表示某一时刻或某一点时间用at,如小时、分钟等。有些时间名词前有one，each，any，every，some，all，next，last，that修饰时,不接介词。如：that day，next Sunday some day，one day4.till、until、to的用法。(1)till(until)与持续动词连用一般用于肯定句中，与短暂动词连用一般用在否定句中。如：He waited for me till twelv
12、e oclock.He didnt get up till (until) 10 a.m.(不可用to)但注意：在句首出现或强调句型中一般不用till而用until。如：Not until 9 a.m.did Mr.Smith come back to school.(2)to表“终结”时常和from连用，但要注意不与from连用时的意义。如：from July to September,from six to (till) eight(从到为止)，但from morning till night(从早到晚)，不能用to。5.表示方式、手段、工具的介词(1)by the year/hour/d
13、ay按年/小时/天，但to the pound按磅算，to the ton按吨计。(2)表泛指的方式、手段:by post,by telephone(radio),但on the phone/on the radio/on TV(电讯器材)，by electricity，by hard work,learn sth.by heart,through the satellite,through practice,through his own efforts,through experience,through the telescope(3)交通工具类。另外：by means of 用方法，b
14、y way of 经由，取道于，用方法;with the help(permission)of sb./with sb.s help(permission)“在帮助下”。(4)表方式、手段的其他用法。He beat the dog with a whip.(with+工具、机器)One smells with his nose.(with+人体器官，但by hand“手工，用手”)He stood up with pride.(with+情绪、情感、态度的名词)注意：使用语言、材料、文字等用in。如in English(ink,pencil)。另外如：in high(good,low)spir
15、its,in anger,in joy,in comfort,in sorrow,in safety,in danger,in need,in debt,in love,in fun,in pain,in tears,in surprise,in good(poor)health,in good order,in flower,in a way,in a low voice,in silence,in(with)satisfaction,in a hurry,in(with)words,live/feed on food,kneel on ones knee,take(catch)sb.by surprise(出其不意)6.表示“除之外”的几组常用介词比较。(1)besides “除以外，(还有)”。作副词时意思是“而且，更何况”。如：It was too late to see a film,and besides,I was tired.(2)except“除去，除之外(不再有)”。如：We all went except John.在否定句中，两词可以换用，如：He has no other hats except/besides this one.(3)except for“除了(对句子主题进行细节校正或附加说明)”后接名词、代词或what
