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1、2. 术语解释1、Puritanism :Puritanism is the practices and beliefs of the puritans. The Puritans were originally members of a division of the protestant church who wanted to purify their religious beliefs and practices. They accepted the doctrines of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and l
2、imited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God. American literature in the 17th century mostly consisted of Puritan literature. Puritanism had an enduring influence on American literature. It had become, to some extent, so much a state of mind, so much a part of national cultural atmo
3、sphere, rather than a set of tenets.2、Alliteration: Alliteration is the repeated occurrence of the same consonant sound at the beginning of several words in the same phrase.3、Symbolism4、School-room Poets5、American Romanticism6、American Realism: In American literature, the Civil War brought the Roman
4、tic Period to an end. The Age of Realism came into existence. It came as a reaction against the lie of romanticism and sentimentalism. Realism turned from an emphasis on the strange toward a faithful rendering of the ordinary, a slice of life as it is really lived. It expresses the concern for commo
5、nplace and the low, and it offers an objective rather than an idealistic view of human nature and human experience.7、Psychological Realism: It is the realistic writing that probes deeply into the complexities of characters5 thoughts and motivations. Henry James is considered the founder of psycholog
6、ical realism. His novel The Ambassadors is considered to be a masterpiece of psychological realism.8、American Naturalism: American naturalism was a new and harsher realism. American naturalism had been shaped by the war; by the social upheavals that undermined the comforting faith of an earlier age.
7、 Americas literary naturalists dismissed the validity of comforting moral truths. They attempted to achieve extreme objectivity and frankness, presenting characters of low social and economic classes who were determined by their environment and heredity. In presenting the extremes of life, the natur
8、alists sometimes displayed an affinity to the sensationalism of early romanticism, but unlike their romantic predecessors, the naturalists emphasized that the world was amoral, that men and women had no free will, that lives were controlled by heredity and environment, that the destiny of humanity w
9、as misery in life and oblivion in death. Although naturalist literature described the world with sometimes brutal realism, it sometimes also aimed at bettering the world through social reform.9、Regionalism： Regionalism as a trend first made its presence felt in the late 1860s and early seventies in
10、America. It may be defined as the careful attegogoms in speech, dress or behavior peculiar to a geographical locality. The ultimate aim of the local colorists is to create the illusion of an indigenous little world with qualities that tell it apart from the world outside. The social and intellectual
11、 climate of the country provided a stimulating milieu for the growth of local color fiction in America. Local colorists concerned themselves with presenting and interpreting the local character of their regions. They tended to idealize and glorify, but they never forgot to keep an eye on the truthfu
12、l color of local life. They formed an important part of the realistic movement. Although it lost its momentum toward the end of the 19th century, the local spirit continued to inspire and fertilize the imagination of author.10、The Gilded Age： the Gilded Age refers to the era of rapid economic and po
13、pulation growth in the United States during the post- Civil War and post- Reconstruction eras of the late 19th century (1865-1901). The term Gilded Age was coined by Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner in their 1873 book, The Gilded Age: A Tale of .(The name refers to the process of gilding and is
14、meant to ridicule ostentatious display.11、Local Colorism: Local Colorism or Regionalism as a trend first made its presence felt in the late 1860s and early seventies in America. It may be defined as the careful attegogoms in speech, dress or behavior peculiar to a geographical locality. The ultimate
15、 aim of the local colorists is to create the illusion of an indigenous little world with qualities that tell it apart from the world outside. The social and intellectual climate of the country provided a stimulating milieu for the growth of local color fiction in America. Local colorists concerned t
16、hemselves with presenting and interpreting the local character of their regions. They tended to idealize and glorify, but they never forgot to keep an eye on the truthful color of local life. They formed an important part of the realistic movement. Although it lost its momentum toward the end of the 19th century, the local spirit continued to inspire and fertilize the imagination of author.12、Lost Generation: This term has been used again and again to describe
