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1、2022年考博英语-煤炭科学研究总院考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题There is a risk that （ ） chemicals might be blasted into the atmosphere.问题1选项A.destructiveB.toxicC.evilD.vicious【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项destructive “破坏性的、毁灭性的”，B项toxic “有毒的”，C项evil“邪恶的”，D项vicious “恶毒的”；句意：毁灭性的化学物质有在空中爆炸的危险。因此A选项正确。2. 单选题When it works, it can b
2、e fantastic, but can very easily （ ） into a nightmare of the most serious proportions.问题1选项A.backwashB.backdateC.backlashD.backfire【答案】D【解析】考查词义辨析。A项backwash “回流、反响”，B项backdate “回溯”，C项backlash “强烈反对”，D项backfire“产生出乎意料及事与愿违的结果”；句意：当它发挥作用时，可能是非常奇妙的，但也很容易事与愿违，变成最严重的噩梦。因此D选项正确。3. 单选题Put both vegetables
3、into a bowl and （ ） with a potato masher.问题1选项A.crashB.crushC.clashD.crack【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A项crash “碰撞”，B项crush “压碎”，C项clash “冲突”，D项crack “使破裂”；句意：把这两种蔬菜都放进碗里，用捣土豆器捣碎。因此B选项正确。4. 单选题The discussion quickly （ ） into an angry argument.问题1选项A.deterioratedB.aggravatedC.increaseD.declined【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A项d
4、eteriorate “恶化”，B项aggravate “加重、激怒”，C项increase “提高”，D项decline “拒绝”；句意：这场讨论迅速演变成愤怒的争吵。因此A选项正确。5. 单选题How come they have the freedom to disrupt and （ ） the torch relay, whereas Olympic-loving people have not the freedom to welcome the torch?问题1选项A.destructB.destroyC.sabotageD.damage【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A项de
5、struct “毁坏”，B项destroy “消灭”，C项sabotage “蓄意破坏”，D项damage “损害”；句意：难道只有破坏分子干扰破坏火炬传递的自由，就没有热爱奥林匹克运动的人们去欢迎火炬的自由吗？因此C选项正确。6. 写作题Directions: “Publish or perish” is well-known in the academic world. Do you agree or disagree with this view points. Please express your opinion in about 150 words.【答案】略7. 单选题A few
6、 months of grooming, mentors and founders can then （ ） hundreds of people to watch their companys official introduction to society.问题1选项A.summonB.uniteC.gatherD.assemble【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A项summon “召唤”，指运用权威或行使权力指示、命令、吩咐，或要求某人去某处，常用于正式的集会或公务等方面；B项untie “团结、合并”，指将两个或两个以上原本分散或对立的事物联合起来，或者指主动联合自己周围的人或物，使之
7、围绕在自己身旁；C项gather “聚集”，多强调按照一定目的或计划有选择的使人或物聚集在一起；D项assemble “集合、聚集”，更突出聚集或收集的目的；句意：经过几个月的培训后，导师和创始人可以召集数百人观看他们公司向社会的正式介绍。因此A选项正确。8. 单选题The （ ） for travelling without a ticket is 200.问题1选项A.penalB.panelC.panelizeD.penalty【答案】D【解析】考查形近词及词义辨析。A项形容词penal “刑事的、刑罚的”，B项名词panel “仪表盘、陪审团”，C项动词panelize “处罚、处刑”
8、，D项名词penalty “罚款、罚金”；句意：长途旅行不买票罚款200镑。因此D选项正确。9. 翻译题国家统计局（NBS）周五发布的2018年全国睡觉时间使用情况调查报告揭示了中国人平均每天的时间分配情况。这包括了他们的工作、睡觉、家务、休闲娱乐等不同活动。这项调查显示，低收入人群平均看电视的时间为每天1小时50分钟。这比中等收入人群多15分钟，比较高收入组多32分钟，比高收入人群多46分钟。国家统计局高级统计员金红表示，2008年和2018年的时间使用情况调查显示，中国人均生活质量有所改善。Section B Translate the following passage into Eng
9、lish.【答案】The 2018 National Survey Report on the Utilization of Bedtime, released by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) on Friday, revealed how Chinese people to allocate their dailys time averagely. This includes work, sleep, housework, recreation and other different activities. According to th
10、e survey, the average time of low-income group watching TV is 1 hour and 50 minutes a day, which is 15 minutes more than medium-income group, 32 minutes more than the high-income group and 46 minutes more than the high-income group. Jinhong, a senior statistician at the NBS, said that the quality of
11、 life per capita in China had improved, which was showed by the survey on situation of time utilization in 2008 and 2018.10. 单选题As noted, among those who were cognitively normal at the start of the study, （ ） alcohol drinkers appeared to be protected against dementia.问题1选项A.moderateB.minimumC.medium
12、D.middle【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项moderate “有节制的”，B项minimum “最小的”，C项medium“中间的”，D项middle “中等的”；句意：特别提到的是，在研究最初，认知正常，饮酒适度的人表现出对老年痴呆更好的防御能力。因此A选项正确。11. 单选题President Coolidges statement, “The business of America is business,” still points to an important truth today that business institutions have more presti
13、ge in American society than any other kind of organization, including the government. Why do business institutions possess this great prestige?One reason is that Americans view business as being more firmly based on the ideal of competition than other institutions in society. Since competition is se
14、en as the major source of progress and prosperity by most Americans, competitive business institutions are respected. Competition is not only good in itself; it is the means by which other basic American values such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected.Competit
15、ion protects the freedom of the individual by ensuring that there is no monopoly of power. In contrast to one, all-powerful government, many businesses compete against each other for profits. Theoretically, if one business tries to take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to competing business which treats its customers more fairly. Where many businesses compete for the cust
