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1、2022年考博英语-吉林大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题Biological diversity has become widely recognized as a critical conservation issue only in the past two decades. The rapid destruction of the tropical rain forests, which are the ecosystems with the highest known species diversity on Earth, has awakened peopl
2、e to the importance and fragility of biological diversity. The high rate of species extinctions in these environments is jolting, but it is important to recognize the significance of biological diversity in all ecosystems. As the human population continues to expand, it will negatively affect one af
3、ter another of Earths ecosystems. In terrestrial ecosystems and in fringe marine ecosystems (such as wetlands), the most common problem is habitat destruction. In most situations, the result is irreversible. Now humans are beginning to destroy marine ecosystems through other types of activities, suc
4、h as disposal and run off of poisonous waste; in less than two centuries, by significantly reducing the variety of species on Earth, they have unraveled cons of evolution and irrevocably redirected its course.Certainly, there have been periods in Earths history when mass extinctions have occurred. T
5、he extinction of the dinosaurs was caused by some physical event, either climatic or cosmic. There have also been less dramatic extinctions, as when natural competition between species reached an extreme conclusion. Only 0.1 percent of the species that have lived on Earth have survived to the presen
6、t, and it was largely chance that determined which species survived and which died out.However, nothing has ever equated the magnitude and speed with which the human species is altering the physical and chemical world and demolishing the environment. In fact, there is wide agreement that it is the r
7、ate of change humans are inflicting, even more than the changes themselves, that will lead to biological devastation. Life on Earth has continually been in flux as slow physical and chemical changes have occurred on Earth, but life needs time to adapt-time for migration and genetic adaptation within
8、 existing species and time for the proliferation of new genetic material and new species that may be able to survive in new environments.1.What does the passage mainly discuss?2.The author mentions the reduction of the variety of species on Earth in line 10 to suggest that （ ）.3.The author mentions
9、the extinction of the dinosaurs in the second paragraph to emphasize that（ ）.4.According to the passage, natural evolutionary change is different from changes caused by humans in that changes caused by humans（ ）.5.With which of the following statements would the author be most likely to agree?问题1选项A
10、.The causes of the extinction of the dinosaurB.The variety of species found in tropical rain forests.C.The impact of human activities on Earths ecosystemsD.The time required for species to adapt to new environments.问题2选项A.new habitats can be created for speciesB.humans are often made ill by polluted
11、 waterC.some species have been made extinct by human activityD.an understanding of evolution can prevent certain species from disappearing.问题3选项A.the cause of the dinosaurs extinction is unknownB.Earths climate has changed significantly since the dinosaurs extinction.C.not all mass extinctions have
12、been caused by human activityD.actions by humans could not stop the irreversible process of a species extinction问题4选项A.are occurring at a much faster rateB.are less devastating to most speciesC.affect fewer ecosystemsD.are reversible问题5选项A.Human influence on ecosystems should not be a factor in dete
13、rmining public policyB.The extinction of a few species is an acceptable consequence of human progress.C.Technology will provide solutions to problems caused by the destruction of ecosystems.D.Humans should be more conscious of the influence they have on ecosystems.【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.
14、文章提到了由于人类的活动导致一些动物灭绝，导致各种污染，严重破坏了地球生态系统。文章最后一段However, nothing has ever equated the magnitude and speed with which the human species is altering the physical and chemical world and demolishing the environment提到人类改变物理和化学世界以及毁坏环境的速度和程度已经超过了一切其他事物。选项C “人类活动对地球生态系统的影响”符合题意。2.文章第一段Now humans are beginnin
15、g to destroy marine ecosystems through other types of activities, such as disposal and run off of poisonous waste提到人类正通过其他活动来破坏海洋生态系统，比如有毒垃圾的排放，可知由于人类的活动导致很多动物灭绝。选项C符合题意。3.文章第二段第一句Certainly, there have been periods in Earths history when mass extinctions have occurred提到有些动物的灭绝是地球历史进程中的结果。紧接着这用恐龙灭绝来佐
16、证这个观点。选项C “不是所有动物的灭绝都是人类行为导致的”符合题意。4.文章最后一段提到人类改变物理和化学世界以及破坏地球的速度比任何事物都快，并且事实上即将会导致生物毁坏的是人类正在造成的变化速度已经超过了变化本身。选项A符合题意。5.文章第一段提到生物多样性已经成为一个公认的严重环保问题（Biological diversity has become widely recognized as a critical conservation issue only in the past two decades），文章最后也提到事实上有一种广泛的共识就是即将会导致生物毁坏的是人类正在造成的变化速度已经超过了变化本身（In fact, the
