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1、永春一中高二年英语科技文阅读比赛 2024.5第一节（共30小题，每小题4分，满分120分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。AChinese scientists have identified a new protein that restricts HIV infection, a discovery that could pave the way for the development of new drugs against the virus. The protein, Pselectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL1),
2、 which exists in human cells, can inhibit (抑制) the process by which HIV reproduces, according to research published in the science journal Nature Microbiology this month.However, the study also showed that PSGL1 can be negatively affected by Vpuan accessory (附属) protein of HIVwhich can neutralize th
3、e ability of PSGL1 to resist HIV. Further research is under way to develop a drug that can inhibit the HIV protein so that PSGL1 can restrict HIV, according to Tan Xu, a researcher at Tsinghua Universitys School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, a leading author of the study.Several other proteins in huma
4、n cells that could resist HIV have been discovered over the past 10 years, but the virus can also evade (避开) them. PSGL1 shows particular promise in that it can inhibit HIV in multiple waysespecially by blocking the infectiousness of virus offspring, Tan said.“We are starting to research into small
5、molecule (分子) compounds in the hope of finding one that can restore PSGL1s antiHIV function. In this way, we can develop a very effective antiviral drug for people with HIV/AIDS,” he said. Tan said it will require at least three to five years for the research to reach the preclinical stage, and more
6、 time after that before a clinical trial is possible. The research was conducted by researchers at Tsinghua University in Beijing, Fudan University in Shanghai and George Mason University in the United States.Existing treatment methods for people with HIV/AIDS, which mostly rely on a combination of
7、different drugs, can prevent the disease from progressing but cannot cure it, and longterm use of drugs can result in drug resistance.An estimated 37 million people in the world live with HIV, according to the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. The study provides new leads to developing ant
8、iviral drugs, Tsinghua University said in a statement.1.What can we learn about PSGL1 from the passage?A. Both the protein PSGL1 and the protein Vpu are HIV proteins.B. PSGL1 can restrict the function of the protein Vpu.C. PSGL1s molecule compounds have been identified.D. The protein PSGL1 functions
9、 better than others in resisting HIV.2.What can we infer from the last three paragraphs?A. The existing treatment for AIDS are far from perfect.B. It will be a decade before the antiviral drugs is put on the market.C. American scientists played a leading role in the research.D. HIV/AIDS will no long
10、er be a deadly problem owing to the new discovery.3.What is the main idea of the passage?A. There is a long way to go before curing AIDS.B. More people are faced with the threat of HIV.C. Chinese scientists are leading the way in curing AIDS.D. A new protein to resist HIV was confirmed by scientists
11、.4.Where is this text most likely from?A. A guidebook.B.A fiction.C.A magazine.D.A brochure.BHybrid cars, also called hybrid electric vehicles(HEVs), are cars that use more than one source of energy to run. They differ from the majority of cars on the road today in several ways. The main difference
12、is that HEVs run on gasoline and electricity. An HEV has a batterypowered motor as well as an engine that runs on gasoline. A hybrid car is a bit more expensive to produce than a regular car even though its engine is smaller. The reason for the greater expense is that the engine is more complex. It
13、has specialized mechanisms that allow it to operate using gasoline and electric power. It also contains a computer that works differently from those of regular cars. Even though it is more expensive to purchase, it costs less to own than gaspowered cars. When an HEV is at a stoplight or going at a s
14、peed below 15 miles per hour, its special computer tells it to run just on electric power. When the computer senses that the car needs more power, it puts the gasoline engine back to work. The computer is constantly deciding whether the car will use electricity, gas, or a combination of the two.Beca
15、use the HEV has electric power to help it run, it uses much less fuel than most cars. They can get from 50 to 60 miles per gallon on average. The high mileage saves money for the car owner and conserves precious supplies of petroleum. Hybrid cars help the environment in other ways, too. For example,
16、 when the HEV is using electric power, it does not send out poisonous smoke that pollutes the air.Despite the differences between hybrid cars and regular cars, HEVs offer the same feel as regular cars. They run in the same way and speed up and stop in the same way, too. HEVs, though, are generally smaller than gasolinepowered cars. Their rounded, aerodynamic f
