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1、被 动 语 态一、语态概述英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。例如：Many people speak Chinese.谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。例如：Chinese is spoken by many people.主语Chinese是动词speak的承受者。二、被动语态的构成被动语态由助动词be及物动词的过去分词构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。一般现在时：am
2、isarespoken 一般过去时：waswerespoken一般将来时：willshall bespoken 现在进行时：amisare beingspoken过去进行时：werewas beingspoken 现在完成时：havehas beenspoken过去完成时：had been + spoken三、被动语态的用法 (1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如：Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。 (
3、2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 例如：The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。 This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。 Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。四、被动语态的用法详解：1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词Our classroom is cleaned everyday. I am asked to study hard.Knives are used for cutting th
4、ings.2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词 A new shop was built last year. Dinosaur eggs were laid long time ago.3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词 This book has been translated into many languages. Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：w
5、ill+ be + 及物动词的过去分词A new hospital will be built in our city.Many more trees will be planted next year.5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词Young trees must be watered often. Your mistakes should be corrected right now.The door may be locked inside. Your homework can be handed in tomorrow.6. 现在进行时的被动
6、语态构成：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词Uncle Wang is repairing my bike now.My bike is being repaired by Uncle Wang now.They are planting trees over there. Trees are being planted over there by them.7. 不定式的被动语态：to + be + 及物动词的过去分词There are two books to be read. There are twenty more trees to be plante
7、d.五、主动语态变被动语态的方法 (1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 (2)把谓语变成被动结构(be过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。 (3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：All the people laughed at him.-He was laughed at by all people.They make the bikes in the factory.-The bikes are made by them in the factory.He cut down a tree
8、.-A tree was cut down by him.六、含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由情态动词be过去分词构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后to仍要保留。We can repair this watch in two days.-This watch can be repaired in two days.They should do it at once.-It should be done at once.七、特殊情况：Make/let sb. do sth. - sb. be made/let to do sth. 1.He made the bo
9、y work for two hours yesterday.- The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.2. Mother never lets me watch TV .-I am never let to watch TV by mother.See/hear sb. do sth.- sb. be seen/heard to do sth. 3. Jim saw the boy run yesterday.-The boy was seen to run by Jim yesterday.Give/lend sb.
10、 sth.-(1)sb. be given sth. by. (2)sth. be given to sb. by4.Jack gave Peter a Christmas present just now.(1)A Christmas present was given to Peter by Jack just now.(2)Peter was given a Christmas present by Jack just now. 初中英语被动语态练习题：一、选择题（215=30分）( )1._ a new library _ in our school last year? A. Is;
11、 built B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did ; build ( )2. An accident _ on this road last week. A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened ( )3.Cotton（棉花） _ in the southeast of China. A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow ( )4.So far, the moon _ by man already. A. is visited
12、B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited ( )5.A talk on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week. A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives ( )6.How many trees _ this year? A. are planted B. will plant C. have been planted D. planted ( )7.A lot of things _ by people
13、to save the little girl now. A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done D. will be done ( )8.-When _ this kind of computers_? -Last year. A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used ( )9.The Great Wall _ all over the world. A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known ( )10.Who _ this book _
14、? A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written ( )11.A story _ by Granny yesterday. A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told us D. told us ( )12.The monkey was seen _ off the tree. A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump ( )13.The school bag _ behind the chair. A. puts B. can be put C. can be putted D. can put ( )14.Older people _ well. A. looks a
