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1、无浆体病AnaplasmosisPrepared by: Dr. Terry Hunt Translated by Dr. Fu Xiaoping病因病机理 Cause & Pathogenesis传染性立克次氏体病原体属(边缘无浆体)易造成牛出现贫血、黄疸、消瘦 Infectious Rickettsial organism (Anaplasma marginale) causing anemia Jaundice and wasting in cattle山羊和绵羊会隐性感染Causes inapparent infection in goats and sheep (Anaplasma
2、ovis)世界普遍存在此病，但在媒介存在的热带地区呈地方性流行Seen world wide but enzootic in tropical areas where vectors exist昆虫媒介包括蝉(革蟀，牛蟀and其它)-生活史在蟀体内Insect vectors include: Ticks (Dermacentor, Boophilus and others) life cycle in Tick蚊、吸血飞蝇能机械传播Mosquitoes & biting flies cause mechanical transmission机械性传播还可发生于流血、疫苗接种、胚胎移植等。Me
3、chanical transmission also occurs from bleeding, vaccination and embryo transfer programs危险因素Risk Factors严重程度与年龄有关Severity is related to age犊牛感染后仅表现出轻微症状Calves become infected but only mild symptoms血清阴性成年牛的临床病率为50% (死亡率可达50%)50%Clinical disease in adult sero-negative cattle (up to 50% mortality)Clin
4、ical FindingsClinical Findings犊牛Calves常为隐性携带者 1-2天内出现嗜睡、无食欲 成年牛急性 Adults潜伏期34周精神沉郁、厌食、无乳高温40度以上苍白，黄疸，呼吸困难个别牛24小时内死亡临床症状Usually asymtomatic carriersMay be lethargic and anorexic for 1-2 daysAcute InfectionIncubation period of 3-4 weeksSevere depression, anorexia, agalactiaeElevated temperature (40+)P
5、allor Jaundice and dyspneaSome die within 24 hours一些表现出间歇热，严重的会失重，粘膜苍白、黄疸Other exhibit intermittent fever, severe weight loss, pale mucous membranes and jaundice一些因大脑组织缺氧表现出行为异常，攻击行为Maybe abnormal, aggressive behavior because of cerebral hypoxia经常死于组织缺氧Often die from hypoxia尿液浓缩但不是血红蛋白尿 No hemoglobi
6、nuria, rather, urine is very concentrated断Diagnosis根据发病史，临床症状和实验室检查诊断History, Clinical signs and lab resultsDifferential DiagnosisDifferential Diagnosis鉴别诊断Babesiosis 一 hemoglobinuria Bacillary hemoglobinuria Leptospirosis 一 hemoglobinuria Post-parturient hemoglobinuriaBabesiosis 一 hemoglobinuria Ba
7、cillary hemoglobinuria Leptospirosis 一 hemoglobinuria Post-parturient hemoglobinuriaBabesiosis 一 hemoglobinuria Bacillary hemoglobinuria Leptospirosis 一 hemoglobinuria Post-parturient hemoglobinuria血红蛋白尿巴贝西虫病 细菌性血红蛋白尿血红蛋白尿血红蛋白尿血红蛋白尿细螺旋体病一一产后血红蛋白尿实验室和病理学诊断Laboratory and Pathology贫血一溶血性贫血，无血红蛋白尿(在脾脏内被
8、破坏)Anemia 一 extra-vascular hemolysis 一 no hemoglobinuria (destroyed in spleen)PCV低于30%,若达到6%会引起母牛死亡。PCV below 30 % and if reaches 6 %, cow dies姬姆萨染色一一再生性贫血和红细胞表面有斑点样颗粒Giemsa stain 一 regenerative anemia & may see dot-like protozoa at periphery of RBC 尸解一一黄疸，脾肿大，膀胱无出血Post mortem 一 Icterus, enlarged sp
9、leen and no blood in bladder携带者补体结合反应、斑点一ELISA, PCR实验治疗 土霉素用3-5天重复用一周支持性输血预后情况Carrier animals 一 Complement fixation, dot ELISA, PCRTreatmentPrognosis预后情况判断看红细胞压积当PCV Based on PCV 12-20%预后良好12-20% - good预后差8-12% - poor预后严重8% - gravePrognosis预后情况判断看红细胞压积当PCV Based on PCV 12-20%预后良好12-20% - good预后差8-12
10、% - poor预后严重8% - graveOxytetracycline for 3-5 days Repeat in one week Supportive blood transfusions8-12%8%防与控制 Prevention & Control控制媒介，无实际操作性 Control the vector but may not be practical在其繁殖阶段要定期喷雾消毒、杀虫耳标Periodic spraying, insecticide ear tags and dust bags during vector season在手术和注射疫苗时避免机械性传播Prevent mechanical spread by good hygiene during surgery and vaccinations每年接种灭活苗Yearly vaccination with killed vaccine用长效土霉素对所有接触动物进行预防性治疗Prophylactic treatment of all contact animals with long acting oxytetracycline
