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1、2022年考博英语-中国政法大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题For a country such as Britain, _ depends on a manufacturing base that can mean inefficiency.问题1选项A.whoB.itC.thatD.which【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。根据句意和结构，此处应该是一个非限定性定语从句。先行词在从句中作主语，且不指人，而who指人，that一般不用于引导非限制性定语从句，it不能引导从句；故用which。本句句意是：对于像英国这样依赖于一个制造基地的国家，那样意味着低效率。D选项正确。2
2、. 单选题By providing legal representation, the American Civil Liberties Union works to defend citizens against breaches of their civil rights.问题1选项A.branchesB.exercisesC.performanceD.violations【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。breach表示“违反，缺口”；A项branch“树枝”，B项exercise“运动，练习”，C项performance“表现，性能”，D项violation“违反，妨碍”。句意：通过提供
3、法律代理，美国公民自由联盟致力于保护公民的公民权利不受侵犯。根据句意该题选D。3. 单选题Formerly, calcium and vitamin D were frequently added to enriched bread, but _ consumer demand and questionable nutritional benefit led to gradual phasing out of these enrichments.问题1选项A.lack ofB.lacking ofC.lacked ofD.lack【答案】A【解析】考查句子结构和lack的用法。lack作动词时
4、，后面直接加宾语，作名词通常和of连用。句意：以前，钙和维他命D常常被加入面包丰富其营养，但由于缺乏消费者需求和令人可疑的营养益处导致这些面包逐渐被淘汰。根据句意A项正确。4. 单选题Crying is hardly an activity encouraged by society. Tears, be they of sorrow, anger, or joy, typically make Americans feel uncomfortable and embarrassed. The shedder of tears is likely to apologize, even when
5、 a devastating tragedy was the provocation. The observer of tears is likely to do everything possible to put an end to the emotional outpouring. But judging from recent studies of crying behavior, links between illness and crying and the chemical composition of tears, both those responses to tears a
6、re often inappropriate and may even be counterproductive.Humans are the only animals definitely known to shed emotional tears. Since evolution has given rise lo few, if any, purposeless physiological responses, it is logical to assume that crying has one or more functions that enhance survival.Altho
7、ugh some observers have suggested that crying is a way to elicit assistance from others (as a crying baby might from its mother), the shedding of tears is hardly necessary to get help. Vocal cries would have been quite enough, more likely than tears to gain attention. So, it appears, there must be s
8、omething special about tears themselves.Indeed, the new studies suggest that emotional tears may play a direct role in alleviating stress. University of Minnesota researchers who are studying the chemical composition of tears have recently isolated two important chemicals from emotional tears. Both
9、chemicals are found only in tears that are shed in response to emotion. Tears shed because of exposure to cut onion would contain no such substance.Researchers at several other institutions are investigating the usefulness of tears as a means of diagnosing human ills and monitoring drugs.At Tulane U
10、niversitys Tear Analysis Laboratory Dr. Peter Kastl and his colleagues report that they can use tears to detect drug abuse and exposure to medication, to determine whether a contact lens fits properly of why it may be uncomfortable, to study the causes of “dry eye” syndrome and the effects of eye su
11、rgery, and perhaps even to measure exposure to environmental pollutants.At Columbia University Dr. Liasy Faris and colleagues are studying tears for clues lo the diagnosis of diseases away from the eyes. Tears can be obtained painlessly without invading the body and only tiny amounts are needed to p
12、erform highly refined analyses.56. It is known from the first paragraph that _.57. What does “both those responses to tears” (Lines 6-7, Para, 1) refer to?58. “Counterproductive” (Lines 7, Para, 1) very probably means “_”.59. What does the author say about crying?60. What can be inferred from the ne
13、w studies of tears?问题1选项A.shedding tears gives unpleasant feelings to AmericanB.crying may often imitate people or even result in tragedyC.crying usually wins sympathy from other peopleD.one who sheds tears in public will be blamed问题2选项A.Crying out of sorrow and shedding tears for happiness.B.The em
14、barrassment and unpleasant sensation of the observers.C.The tear shedders apology and the observers effort to stop the crying.D.Linking illness with crying and finding the chemical composition of tear.问题3选项A.having no effect at allB.leading to tensionC.producing disastrous impactD.harmful to health问
15、题4选项A.It is a pointless physiological response to the environment.B.It must have a role to play in mans survival.C.It is meant to get attention and assistance.D.It usually produces the desired effect.问题5选项A.Emotional tears have the function of reducing stress.B.Exposure to excessive medication may increase emotional tears.C.Emotional tears can give rise to “dry eye” syndrome in some cases.D.Environmental pollutants can induce the shedding of emotional tears.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题
