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1、2022年考博英语-中国科学院考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 翻译题Politicians and the public are quick to blame college faculty members for the decline in learning, but professors like all teachers are working in a context that has been created largely by others:Few people outside of higher education understand how little contr
2、ol professors actually have over what students can learn.Here are some reasons:Lack of student preparation. Increasingly, undergraduates are not prepared adequately in any academic area but often arrive with strong convictions about their abilities. So college professors routinely encounter students
3、 who have never written anything more than short answers on exams, who do not read much at all，who lack foundational skills in math and science，yet are completely convinced of their abilities and resist any criticism of their work，to the point of anger and tears:“But I earned nothing but As in high
4、school,” and “Your demands are unreasonable. ” Such a combination makes some students nearly unteachable.Grade inflation. It has become difficult to give students honest feedback.The slightest criticisms have to be cushioned by a warm blanket of praise and encouragement to avoid provoking opposition
5、al defiance or complete breakdowns.As a result, student progress is slowed, sharply. Rubric- driven approaches give the appearance of objectivity but make grading seem like a matter of checklists, which, if completed, must ensure an A. Increasingly，time-pressured college teachers ask themselves，“Wha
6、t grade will ensure no complaint from the student，or worse，a battle over whether the instructions for an assignment were clear enough?”So，the number of A-range grades keeps going up, and the motivation for students to excel keeps going down.Student retention. As the college-age population declines,
7、many tuition-driven institutions struggle to find enough paying customers to balance their budgets.That makes it necessary to recruit even more unprepared students，who then must be retained，shifting the burden for academic success away from the student and on to the teacher.Faculty members can work
8、with an individual student，if they have time，but the capabilities of the student population as a whole define the average level of rigor that is sustainable in the classroom.At some institutions, graduation rates are so high because the academic expectations are so low. Failing a lot of students is
9、a serious risk, financially, for the college and the professor.【答案】因此，大学教授遇到的学生往往是这样的：除了会在试卷上写简要答案之外，从不动笔写任何东西，不怎么读书，缺乏基本的数理技能，却对自己的能力信心满满，还拒绝接受任何针对其作业的批评，甚至到了大哭大闹的地步。稍加批评，就得施以各种赞美鼓励来缓和，以防引发对立情绪，或者情绪完全崩溃。由于时间压力，越来越多的大学老师自问：“给学生什么样的成绩才能保证他们不抱怨，更糟糕的是，才不会因为作业要求是否清晰而引发纷争?”因此，就不得不招进更多不合要求的学生，还不得不留下他们，从而将
10、争取学业成功的负担从学生身上转嫁到老师身上。如果有时间，教师可以进行单独辅导。但是学生的整体能力决定了在课堂上能够严格要求他们的程度。2. 单选题They had to _ their failure to a lack of preparation.问题1选项A.blameB.dedicateC.attributeD.conclude【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. blame 责怪，指责 B. dedicate 奉献，投身C. attribute 归因，归于 D. conclude 推定，得出结论【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】空格处和下文的“failure（失败）”构成动宾逻辑，表示他
11、们不得不怎么样自己的失败，并且要能够和to搭配。由“a lack of preparation（准备不足）”可知，这是他们失败的原因，所以空格处应该是表达将失败的原因归于准备不足。attribute sth. to sth.是固定搭配，意为“把归因于，认为是由于”，因此C选项attribute“归因，归于”最符合题意。【干扰项排除】A选项blame“责怪，指责”，blame sth. on sth.指将不好的事归罪、归咎于某事物，不能和to进行搭配；B选项dedicate“奉献，投身”，dedicate sth. to sth.指在某一特定活动或目标上投入大量的时间和精力，不能和“failur
12、e（失败）”进行搭配；D选项conclude“推定，得出结论”指根据所见所闻做出决定或相信某事，不能和to进行搭配。【句意】他们不得不把失败归咎于准备不足。3. 单选题Culture is transmitted largely by language and by the necessity for people in close contact to cooperate. The more extensive the communications network, the greater the exchange of ideas and beliefs and the more alik
13、e people becomein toleration of diversity if nothing else. Members of a culture or a nation are generally in closer contact with one another than with members of other cultures or nations. They become more like each other and more unlike others. In this way, there develops “ national character”，whic
14、h is the statistical tendency for a group of people to share values and follow similar behavior patterns.Frequently, the members of one culture will interpret the “national characteristics” of another group in terms of their own values. For example, the inhabitants of a South Pacific island may be c
15、onsidered “lazy” by citizens of some industrialized nations. On the other hand, it may be that the islanders place a great value on social relationships but little value on “productivity”，and crops grow with little attention. The negative connotation of the label “lazy” is thus unjustified from the
16、point of view of the island culture.Stereotypes, such as “lazy”，“inscrutable,” and “dishonest” give people the security of labels with which to react to others in a superficial way, but they are damaging to real understanding among members of different cultures. People react more to labels than to reality. A black American Peace Corps volunteer, for instance, is
