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1、1. 转换法-转译成动词1.1 名词转换成动词（练习1）1.2 形容词转换成动词（练习2）1.3 副词转换成动词（练习3）1.4 介词转换成动词（练习4）2. 转换法-转译成名词2.1 动词转译成名词（练习5）2.2 形容词转译成名词（练习6）2.3 代词转换成名词（练习7）2.4 副词转换成名词（练习7）3. 增词法3.1 补充原文中的省略部分（练习1）3.2为了语法上的需要而增词（练习2）3.3为了表达和意义上的需要（练习3）4. 减词法4.1 从语法角度进行减省（练习1）4.2 从修饰角度进行减省（练习2）商务英汉翻译讲义之词类转译法目录1. 转译成动词1.1 名词转换成动词（练习1）1
2、.2 形容词转换成动词（练习2）1.3 副词转换成动词（练习3）1.4 介词转换成动词（练习4）2. 转译成名词2.1 动词转译成名词（练习5）2.2 形容词转译成名词（练习6）2.3 代词转换成名词2.4 副词转换成名词（练习7）词类转译英汉两种语言存在着巨大的差异，语言结构与表达形式方面各有其自身的特点。因此，要使译文既忠实于原义又顺畅可读，就不能局限于逐词对等翻译，必须采用适当的词性转译、句子成分转译及句型转译等翻译技巧，在本单元我们主要讲解翻译中词性的转译。在一定程度上，词的形态及形式变化是否过于繁复多变决定了词性优势。英语动词形态变化繁复而稳定，这就使英语动词的使用受形态的牵制，而名
3、词就没有这个问题，因此名词在英语中占优势，名词的优势导致了介词的伴随优势。汉语词性没有形态变化问题，而动词与名词作比较时，动词的动态感强、动势强，名词则较为凝滞，所以在汉语中动词非常活跃，一个句子不限于只用一个动词，可以连续使用几个动词，即所谓“动词连用”，因此英译汉时名词转译成动词的情况常普遍。现将词性转译按转译成汉语动词、转译成汉语名词、转译成汉语形容词、转译成汉语副词等四种情况分类讲解。1. 转译成动词英语和汉语比较起来，汉语中动词用得比较多。在英语句子中往往用一个位于动词，而汉语中却可以几个动词或动词性结构连用。例如在He admires the Presidents stated d
4、ecision to fight for the job中，英语的谓语动词只有admires一个词，其他则是动词的各种形态，如过去分词（stated），动词派生名词（decision）、不定式（to fight）。汉语没有词形变化，但可以几个动词连用。因此，英语中不少词类（尤其是名词、前置词、形容词和副词）在汉译英时往往可以转移成动词。1.1 名词转译成动词英语中大量具有动作意义的名词和由动词派生出来的名词往往可以译成动词。例如：（1）The thought of future fills me with boundless energy and strength. 译文：一想到未来，我就感到
5、浑身有用不完的精力和力气。（2）Can artificial fibers be used as substitutes for natural fibers?译文：人造纤维能代替天然纤维吗？（3）Light from the sun is a mixture of light of many different colors.译文：太阳光由多种色光混合而成。（4）There is a considerable debate about how best and how much to reduce income inequality.译文：对于如何有效缩小收入差距以及应该缩小到什么程度，人们
6、众说纷纭。（5）The board of directors will hold a consultation on the matter. 译文：董事会将商议此事。如果不用采用转译译法，则上述例子可能分别译成：（1）未来的想法（对未来的想法）让我感到浑身有用不完的精力和力气。（2）人造纤维能可以用作自然纤维的替代品吗？（3）太阳光是多种色光的混合物。（4）对于如何有效缩小收入差距以及应该缩小到什么程度，存在着大量的争论。（5）董事会将就此事进行商议。例（1）中的The thought of future翻译成“未来的想法”或是“对未来的想法”，都可能会使译文产生歧义，或是不符合汉语的表达习惯
7、；例（2）稍显累赘，例（3）不太符合汉语习惯。因此可以看出，在必要的时候将名词转译为动词，是一项非常重要的英汉翻译技巧。翻译练习（1）请翻译以下句子，注意句中下划线名词的翻译。1. Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe. 2. I think my younger brother is a better teacher than I. 3. With the passage of time, my admiration for him grew more and more. 4. No wonder
8、 the sight of it should send the memories of quite a number of people of the old generation back to 36 years ago. 5. There is a big increase in demand for all kinds of consumer goods in every part of our country. 6. Integrated circuits are fairly recent development. 7. She is a lover of Chinese pain
9、ting.8. We are enemies of all wars, but above all of dynastic wars. 9. Talking with his son, the old man was the forgiver of the young mans past wrong doings.10. They took a final look at Iron Mike, still intact in the darkness.11.He feared the withdrawal of his parents promise. 12. The settlement o
10、f Africa by white people started 500 years ago. 13. There was some acknowledgement that the parents had to be involved. 14. A view of the Yangtze River can be obtained from here.1.2 形容词转译成动词英语中表示知觉、情欲、欲望、感受、信念等心理状态的形容词，如confident, certain, careful, cautious, angry, sure, ignorant, afraid, doubtful,
11、aware, concerned, glad, delighted, sorry, ashamed, thankful, anxious, able等，在系动词后作表语用时，往往可转译成动词。如：（1）Doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life. 译文：医生说他们不敢肯定能否救得了他的命。（2）They were not content with their present achievements.译文：他们不满足于他们现有的成就。（3）The workers are confident that they
12、will be able to build the modern factory in a short time.译文：工人们确信能在短时期内建成这座现代化的工厂。（4）Copper wire is flexible.译文：铜线容易弯曲。（5）Natural gas is often present in the reservoir rock.译文：储油岩中常有天然气。除上述形容词外，其他一些和介词构成词组在句中用作表语或定语而且常可译成动词的形容词还有：destructive of 有害于，有损于devoid of缺乏，缺少different from不同于，有别于empty of缺少，没有
13、equivalent to等于，相当于exclusive of (from)不算，免除famous at善于free from (of)免于，免除full of充满harmful to有害于，有损于inferior to不及，次于next to次于parallel to (with)平行于peculiar to限于perpendicular to垂直于poor in缺乏preferable with优于，胜过pregnant with包含，充满relative to和有关responsible for负责，担负scarce of缺乏，不足short of缺乏，缺少similar to类似于su
14、itable for (to)适于worthy of值得翻译练习（2）请翻译以下句子，注意句中下划线形容词的翻译。1. The fact that she was able to send a message was a hint. But I have to be cautious. 2. Both of the substances are soluble in water. 3. Kerosene is not so volatile as gasoline.4. He was sick of the city.5. He was not aware of her presence ti
15、ll she spoke to him.6. Dont be afraid of those who might have a better idea or who might even be smarter than you are.7. Please let us know if our terms are acceptable. 8. We must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a valid or fair comparison. 9. I am very concerned about her. 10. I am grateful to you for helping me. 11. Are you familiar with the performance of this type of transistor amplifier? 12. I am anxious about her health.。13. We should never be content with
