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1、-虚拟语气概念虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。英语中的语气分为述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。应用条件在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气，表示主观愿望或*种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语气。即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的主观想法，而不是根据客观实际，就用虚拟语气。在非真实条件状语从句中的用法真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。例： If
2、 he doesnt hurry up, he will miss the bus. 如果他不快点，他将错过巴士。( 真实)If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories. 如果他是空闲的，他会要求我讲故事。真实If I were you, I would go at once.如果我是你，我马上就会去。 非真实，虚拟语气If there were no air, people would die. 如果没有空气，人就会死亡。非真实，虚拟语气用法及动词形式从句主句与现在事实相反If+主语+didbe动词were主语+should/would/coul
3、d/might+do与过去事实相反If+主语+had done主语+should/would/could/might+have done与将来事实相反1. If+主语+did2. If+主语+were to3. If+主语+should主语+should/would/could/might+do例句：1、 表示与现在事实相反的情况：例： 1. If I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。事实：我不可能是你2.If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you.如果我知道他的，我就会告诉你。
4、事实：不知道3.If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth.如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水)4.If I had any money with me, I could lend you some.如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。事实：没带钱5.If he studied harder, he might pass the e*am.如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。事实：没有努力2、表示与过去事实相反的情况例：1. If I had gotten ther
5、e earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。事实：去晚了2.If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。事实：没有听我的话3、表示对将来情况的主观推测，与将来事实相反 例：1.If he should e here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him.如果他哪天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。 事实：来的可能性很小2.If there were a heavy sno
6、w ne*t Sunday, we would not go skating.如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。事实：不知能否下雪3If she were to be there ne*t Monday, I would tell her about the matter.如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。3、 有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作假设不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。 从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如：If I had worked hard at school, I would be an
7、engineer, too.如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了If they had informed us, we would not e here now.如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。 从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。如：If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing.如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去了。If he knew her, he would have greeted her.要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。4、 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有wer
8、e, should, had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即将were, should, had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。如：Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.要是他容许去的话，我们就派他去。Were she here, she would agree with us.如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。Had he learnt about puters, we would have hired him to work here.如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。5、 非真实条件句中
9、的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句，在多数情况下，条件会暗含在短语中，如without., but for.等如：But for his help, we would be working now.要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress.要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。We didnt know his telephone number; otherwise we would have tel
10、ephoned him.我们不知道他的，否则我们就会给他打。6、 有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。省略从句He would have finished it. 他本该完成了。You could have passed this e*am. 你应该能通过这次考试了。省略主句If I were at home now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊。If only I had got it. 要是我得到它了该多好啊。、虚拟语气的其他用法用在wish 后的宾语从句 a、表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式eg. I wish I had your br
11、ains.我希望我有你那样的头脑。(事实：我根本比不上你) b、表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词：had+doneeg: I wish I had known the truth of the matter.我希望我原来知道这件事的真相。事实：原来不知道 c、表示将来难以实现的愿望，谓语动词：should/would + 动词原形eg. I wish I should have a chance again.我希望我还能有一次这样的时机。事实：很难再有这样的时机了(注：if only和as if/as though也有一样用法用在目的状语从句中1.在for fear that, in cas
12、e, lest引导的从句中，假设用虚拟语气时，从句谓语为：should + 动词原形。并且 should不能省略eg.She e*amined the door again for fear that a thief should e in.她又把门检查了一遍，以防盗贼的进入。He started out earlier lest he should be late.他很早就出发了以防迟到。2、 在so that, in order that所引导的目的状语从句中，从句中的谓语为：can / may / could / might / will / would / should + 动词原形。
13、eg.He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近说话的人以便能听得更清楚。He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word. 他把信读得很仔细以便不漏掉一个单词。其他用法1、一想要(desire)二宁愿(prefer)三命令(order, mand)议(advice. Suggest, propose)五要求(demand , require, request , desire , insist)中，无论主句谓语动词为
14、何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用：“should + 动词原形或只用“动词原形。如：He suggested that we (should) takethe teachers advice.He insisted that we (should) takethe teachers advice.He demand that we (should) takethe teachers advice.He ordered that we (should) takethe teachers advice.insist如果翻译成坚持*种动作才用虚拟语气；翻译成坚持*种观点就不用虚拟语气。如：He insi
15、st he is a student.他坚持说他是个学生。这个语句表示的是事实，因此在这个语句中不能使用虚拟语气。suggest意为“建议才用虚拟语气，意为“暗示则不用虚拟语气。如： His face suggests that he looks worried .他的表情暗含着他很担忧。这个句子本身是事实，因此它就没有用到虚拟语气。2、表情绪.观点的形容词或名词也要用虚拟语气.如:necessary、important、impossible、natural、strange、surprising、funny、right、wrong、better、a pity等。句型：It is.that +主语从句，从句的谓语动词都要用should+原型 或只用动词原型。3、 在even if, even though 所引导的让步状语从句中，可用虚拟语气，主句、从句的构造与if所引导的条件从句构造一
