阅读词汇基础

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1、2011年考研核心词汇突破考研对于词汇的考查点:1. 词汇的基本知识(词性、词形、本义和引申义等);2. 词际关系(同义词、反义词、形近词及词汇搭配关系等);3. 词汇背景(词源、词根、词干和词缀)。重点学习名词、动词和形容词的五大特点:1. 同义词/近义词;2. 形近词语;3. 一词多义;4. 一词多性;5. 词的褒贬义和引申义。第一节名词的理解与运用一. 英语中的名词在句子中的作用如下:名词在句子中可做主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾 补卜、同位语等。 Prices range (变化)from $ 6 to $ 19 for a dozen short or long roses. Nothi

2、ng says love like a dozen long-stemmed roses on Valentines Day. Its going to remain the most popular flower because love never goes out of style. This is a private firm (公 司)that studies the flower industry. The modern white furniture and wall-to-wall mirrors give the store an expensive look. We con

3、sider it a good opportunity to study abroad. Some women are normally inactive (不活跃) but then all of a sudden (突然)start a program of intense training, an action which violates (违背)the laws of sports science.二. 常用的后缀表示“人”意义的名词后缀-Antimmigrant (移民)applicant (申请人)assistant (助手)descendant (后代)pollutant (污

4、染物)inhabitant (居民)-An /-ian人Arabian (阿拉伯人)Asian (亚洲人)Australian (澳大利亚人)Italian (意大利人)musician (音 乐家)librarian (图书管理员)physician (内科医生)politician (政治家)technician (技术工)historian (历史学家)magician (魔术师)comedian (喜剧家)-Ee人(被动)employee (雇员)refugee (难民)payee (收款人)absentee (缺席者)examinee (考生)trainee (受训者)-Er/-ee

5、r/-or 人Daughter/owner,lawyer, trainer (教练)barber (理发师)butcher (屠户)carrier (运输者)/ancestor (祖先)bachelor (单身汉)senator (议员) worshipper (崇拜者) sightseers (观光者)-Ent 人correspondent (记者) patient (病人)-ist人,主义者scientistcontroversialist (好争论者) nationalist (民族主义者) tourist (游客)conductor (指挥者) operator (操作者) mount

6、aineer (登山人) volunteer (志愿者)client (客户)agent (代理人,中介)linguist (语言学家) activist (活动家) physicist (物理学家) geneticist (基因学家)director (主任) sponsor (赞助者) profiteer (投机倒把者) pioneer (先驱)parent, resident (居民) president (总统,主席)therapist (治疗家) novelist (小说家) psychologist (心理学家) motorist (汽车司机)表示“关系、特征”等意义的名词后缀 -

7、ship状态,性质friendship (友谊)hardship (困境)leadership (领导身份)membership (会员 资格)ownership (所有关系)relationship (关 系)scholarship (学者身份)comradeship (同志身份)professorship (教授身份)-hood身份,性质,时代childhood (儿童时代)neighborhood (邻里,附近)likelihood (可能性)livelihood (生计)boyhood (男孩时代)adulthood (成年时期)-ance / -ence 性质,状态acceptanc

8、eacquaintance (熟识)advance (进步)allowance (补贴)appearance (出现,外表)appliance (器具)conscience (良知)resistance (阻挡)insurance (保险)nuisance (讨厌)performance(表现)resemblance (相似性)-cion/ -sion / -ion 动作,状态consumption (消 费)assimilation (吸收、同化)comprehension (理解)depression (沮丧,萧条)desperation (绝望)invention (发明)invasio

9、n (侵略)modernization (现代化)permission (容许)possession (拥有)suspicion (怀疑)tension (紧张)transmission (输送,传递)industrialization (工业化)notification (通知)-ism 主义Americanism (美国主义)heroism (英雄主义)consumerism(消 肖费主义)-mania-反常行为或狂热soccer mania=soccer-mad 足球热-holic-痴迷者,疯狂者workaholic(工作狂)-ment运动agreement (协议)appointmen

10、t (约定,任命)argument (观点)arrangement (安排)monument (纪念碑)movement (运动)parliament (议会)payment (支付)replacement (替换)requirement (要求)settlement (解决)treatment (治疗,待遇)-ness性质,状态casualness (随意)illness (疾病)carelessness(粗心)sleeplessness (失眠)awareness (意识)richness(富裕)friendliness(友好)greatness(伟大)happiness-cide 一 s

11、uicide (自 杀)insecticide (杀虫剂)pesticide (杀虫剂)-cyliteracy (识字)accuracy (准确性)tendency(倾向)policy(政策)emergency (紧急情况)intimacy(亲 密)efficiency(效率)sufficiency(足够)dependency(依 赖)-Eryfishery (渔业)machinery (机械)misery (痛苦)mystery (神秘性)discovery (发现)delivery (送,发表演说)-rypoetry (诗歌)citizenry (公民)entry (加入,进入)-age状

12、态,集合 表示行为、状态voyage (航海)advantage (好处)baggage (行李)courage (勇气)garbage (垃圾)storage (储存)luggage (行李)beverage (饮料)damage (破坏,损害)-alapproval (赞成、批准)arrival (到达)interval (间隔)removal (搬,移走)-ing being (生命体)beginning (开始)ending (结束)-ityuniformity (统一, 一致)curiosity (好奇性)personality (个性)reality (现实)publicity (

13、宣传)similarity (个性)-ics /-ology 学科psychology (心理学)technology (技术)ideology (思想体系)anthropology(人 类学)geology (地质学)physics (物理学)-th结果,过程warmth (温暖)truth (真理,真实性)width (宽度)-ty liberty (自由)specialty (专长,特长)anxiety (焦虑)advisability (可行性)unpredictability (不可预测性)faculty (才能)-phobia 对过度恐惧claustrophobia (幽闭恐怖症)

14、英语中有少数名词的单、复数形式在词义方面相当不同或绝对不同。例如:Last night, I had words with Mr. Bob, the group leader, for a long time. We had very good words. In shorts, I was touched by his confidences and I was very satisfied with the last words said by Mr. Bob about the possibility of our project.类似的词还有:affairs (事物,事情),airs (气氛),arms (武器),ages (很长一段时 间),authorities (当局,政府),brains (智力),clothes, celebrities(名人),customs (海关), drinks(饮料),experiences (经历),goods, greens (绿叶,植物),grounds (理由),lessons (教训),manners (礼貌,规矩,风格),means (方法,手段),minutes (会议记录),news, pains (努力,辛苦),peoples (种族,民族),papers (报纸、

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