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1、2002MBA备考-商务英语重点词汇补充A business , company, or firm is an organization that sells goods or services. A business may also be referred to formally as a concern. Business is the production, buying, and selling of goods and services.A business may be referred to approvingly as an enterprise to emphasize i
2、ts adventurous, risk-taking qualities, and business in general may be referred to in the same way, for example in combinations such as free enterprise and private enterprise.Business is also referred to as commerce. This word, and its related adjective commercial, are often used to distinguish the b
3、usiness sphere from other areas such as government or the arts, or to distinguish it from nonmoney-making activities.注释：Busiinesss 商商业；生生意；公公司Coompaany 公司；商号FFirmm (合合伙的)商号；商行Conccernn 康采采恩（垄垄断企业业形式之之一）CCommmercce 商商业； 商务CCommmercciall 商业业的；商商务的；商用的的Enteerprrisee 企事事业单位位Freee EEnteerprrisee 自由由企业PPr
4、ivvatee Ennterrpriise 私人企企业Fromm muultiinattionnalss too smmalll fiirmss 从跨跨国公司司到小型型企业Largge ccomppaniies aree reeferrredd too ass coorpoorattionns, esppeciiallly iin tthe Uniitedd Sttatees. Corrporratee iss ussed to desscriibe thiingss reelattingg too a corrporratiion, orr too coorpoorattionns iin
5、ggeneerall, iin eexprresssionns llikee thhe ooness inn thhe nnextt exxerccisee. LLargge ccomppaniies opeerattingg inn maany couuntrriess arre mmulttinaatioonalls.Bigg buusinnesss caan rrefeer tto llargge bbusiinesss oorgaanizzatiionss orr too anny bbusiinesss aactiivitty tthatt maakess a lott off mo
6、oneyy. SSmalll ccomppaniies aree reeferrredd too ass smmalll buusinnessses or smaall firrms.Unllikee soome lannguaagess, EEngllishh dooes nott haave an eveerydday terrm ffor smaall andd meediuum-ssizeed ccomppaniies, appartt frrom thiis rrathher cluumsyy exxpreessiion.注释：Corpporaatioon 大大公司；股份有有限公司司
7、Corrporratee 法人人；团体体Mulltinnatiionaal 跨跨国的；多国的的Big bussineess 大型企企业；大大公司SSmalll aand meddiumm siizedd coompaaniees中小小规模的的公司Smalll bbusiinesss 小小公司SSmalll ffirmm 小公公司Induustrriess annd ssecttorss 工业业及其部部门Busiinesssess maay bbe cclasssiffiedd acccorrdinng tto wwhicch iinduustrry ttheyy arre iin: forr
8、exxampple connstrructtionn, ooil, baankiing, foood.Secctorr iss soomettimees uusedd too meean inddusttry in thee saame wayy, ppartticuularrly by speeciaalissts succh aas ffinaanciial jouurnaalissts, buut iit iis mmoree offtenn ussed to tallk aabouut ddifffereent parrts of thee ecconoomy in commbinna
9、tiionss suuch as pubblicc seectoor aand priivatte ssecttor, orr abboutt tyypess off buusinnesss inn exxpreessiionss liike serrvicce ssecttor andd maanuffactturiing secctorr.注释：Induustrry 工工业；产产业Seectoor 部部门；部部分Publlic secctorr 公共共部门PPrivvatee seectoor 私私营部门门manuufaccturringg seectoor 制制造部门门Serrvicce
10、 ssecttor 服务部部门Publlic secctorr annd pprivvatee 公共共部门和和私营部部门Whenn a priivatte ccomppanyy iss booughht bby tthe staate andd brrougght intto tthe pubblicc seectoor, it is nattionnaliizedd inn a proocesss oof nnatiionaalizzatiion. A nattionnaliizedd coompaany is staate-ownned. Whhen thee sttatee reetur
11、rns a ccomppanyy too thhe pprivvatee seectoor iin aa seell-offf, iit iis pprivvatiizedd. TThiss iss prrivaatizzatiion.Thee fiirstt too bee soold offf inn a priivattizaatioon pproggramm arre oofteen tthe commpanniess reespoonsiiblee foor tthe pubblicc suupplly oof eelecctriicitty, watter andd gaas: t
12、hee uttiliitiees.注释：Natiionaalizzed 国有化化的Naatioonallizaatioon 国国有化PPrivvatiizedd 私有有化的Privvatiizattionn 私有有化Sttatee-owwnedd 国有有的Seell offf 廉价价出清Selll-offf 廉廉价出售售；抛售售Utiilittiess 公用用事业；公用事事业部门门Stakkes份份额；股股份If CComppanyy A ownns ssharres or equuityy inn Coompaany B, A hhas or hollds a sstakke, holldi
13、nng oor ssharrehooldiing in B. If A oownss leess thaan hhalff thhe ssharres in B, it hass a minnoriity staake in B.IIf AA owwns morre tthann haalf thee shharees iin BB, iit hhas a mmajooritty sstakke oor cconttrolllinng sstakke iin BB. IIf yyou havve ssharres in a ccomppanyy yoou aare a ssharrehoold
14、eer.注释：Sharres/staake 份额；股份EEquiity 股份；产权；普通股股票Hooldiing 持有；股票额额Sharrehooldiing 持有股股票数SSharrehooldeer 股股东Hoold a sstakke 持持有份额额Majooritty sstakke 大大股东（50%以上）Conntroolliing staake 大股东东Minnoriity staake 小股东东Pareentss annd ssistterss 母公公司和姐姐妹公司司A hooldiing or holldinng ccomppanyy iss onne tthatt hoolds
15、s sttakees iin oone or morre ssubssidiiariies. Iff itt owwns alll thhe ssharres in a ssubssidiiaryy, tthe subbsiddiarry iis aa whhollly-oowneed oone.A hholddingg coompaanys rrelaatioonshhip to itss suubsiidiaariees iis tthatt off paarennt ccomppanyy, aand thee suubsiidiaariees rrelaatioonshhip to eacch ootheer iis tthatt off siisteer ccomppaniies. A holldinng aand itss suubsiidiaariees fformm a grooup.A coongllome
