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1、2022年考博英语-吉林大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题As you all know, the United States is a country on wheels. Nearly eight million new cars are made each year, four households out of five own at least one car, and more than a quarter have two each. Yet youll be surprised to learn that some of the car-owners ev
2、en suffer from malnutrition.In 1968, a nation-wide survey of malnutrition was made for the first time. It found that 10 million people are suffering in health through inadequate feeding; the causes of their plight were varied. Unemployment over a long period should be considered as the main factor.
3、And unemployment, strange to say, nine times out of ten results from automation, both in industrial and agricultural areas. For example, in the rural South when a cotton plantation suddenly cuts its force from 100 people to three, the problem to help the displaced arises. So is the case with industr
4、ial automation. In fact, probably 2 million jobs are made unnecessary each year in the whole country as a result of the automation process, thus making unemployment a chief social concern. According to government statistics, the number of people unemployed was over 5 percent for the period from 1958
5、 to 1963. In July 1981, it rose to 7.8 percent. As a matter of fact, it has long been known that even during the most prosperous periods there have been people without enough to eat. So I think thats why President Kennedy said in his inauguration speech in 1961, if the government did not help the po
6、or, it could nor save the rich.In 1966, the Social Security Administration calculated that a family of four needed an income of $3,355 a year to be above the line of poverty. And in 1977, the average poverty line of the country was slightly more than $6,200 annual income for a non-farm family of fou
7、r. According to the Social Security Act, families of that size below poverty line are eligible to receive benefits from the special welfare program. The average weekly payment of benefits now is equivalent to 36 percent of the workers normal wage. And the number of people who receive government bene
8、fits is increasing. In 1973, social insurance payments by governments, mainly to old age pensioners and people who had lost their jobs or were off work through illness, amounted to $86,000 million. Those not fully qualified for insurance payments received $29,000 million in public aid.But problems s
9、till exist. Many people are not reached by the anti-poverty program, because local authorities and agencies do not want to play their part or do not gave the resources to do so. Some poor people will not accept help for various reasons. Of course, there are some more important factors which lie in t
10、he stricture of the society, but I dont consider it necessary to dig into them here. Yet we will perhaps agree that social welfare programs have solved to some extent the problems of feeding, clothing and housing those below the poverty line. On the whole, it perhaps might be said that American peop
11、le are living a better life than people in most other countries.1.The United States is called a country on wheels because （ ）.2.According to a 1968 survey, ten million Americans found themselves in a difficult health situation chiefly due to（ ）3.The author uses “the displaced”(Line 5, Para. 2) to re
12、fer to those who are （ ）.4.The word “eligible” (Line 4, Para. 3) is synonymous with “（ ）5.Americans are living a better life than those in most of other countries because, to some degree （ ）.问题1选项A.about one-fourth Americans own two carsB.a bit over one out of four households are the owners of two c
13、arsC.nearly 8 million new cars drive in the country every yearD.80% Americans have at least one car问题2选项A.inadequate feedingB.malnutritionC.unemploymentD.automation问题3选项A.unemployedB.disabledC.sickD.poor问题4选项A.necessaryB.urgentC.neededD.worthy问题5选项A.many Americans receive benefits from the special w
14、elfare programB.some poor people can receive help for some reason or otherC.there is the anti-poverty program in the U. S.D.social welfare programs have some measure to settle the problems of those below the poverty line.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.文章第一段第二句Nearly eight million new cars are ma
15、de each year, four households out of five own at least one car, and more than a quarter have two each解释了为什么美国被称为 “车轮上的国家”，80%的家庭拥有至少一辆车，超过25%的家庭拥有两辆车。选项B符合题意。2.文章第二段第三句Unemployment over a long period should be considered as the main factor提到造成营养不调的主要原因是失业。选项C符合题意。3.文章第二段提出长期失业是造成一些人营养不良的原因，比如在南方农村当一
16、个棉花种植园突然将自己的雇佣工人从100人降到3人，那么就意味着有97人失业（“For example, in the rural South when a cotton plantation suddenly cuts its force from 100 people to three, the problem to help the displaced arises”）由此可以推断 the displaced 在这里有“失业人员”的意思。选项A符合题意。4.文章第三段提及了美国的平均贫困线，然后提到只有年收入在贫困线以下才有资格领取政府的福利补助：according to the Social Security Act, families of
