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1、2022年考博英语-四川师范大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group. In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friend
2、ship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research
3、 have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of “natural leaders”. It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particu
4、lar group.Research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things done”. Expressive lea
5、dership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-beings of a social groups members. Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them
6、.Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give others and may discipline group members who inhibit (阻碍) attainment of the groups goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer
7、sympathy when someone experiences difficulties and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the difference in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group g
8、oals, may enjoy a more distant respect.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?2.The passage mentions all of the following ways by which people can become leaders EXCEPT _.3. Which of the following statements about leadership can be inferred from paragraph 2?4. In mentioning “natural leaders” in par
9、agraph 2, the author is making the point that _.5. The passage indicates that instrumental leaders generally focus on _.问题1选项A.The problems faced by leaders.B.How leadership differs in small and large groups.C.How social groups determine who will lead them.D.The role of leaders in social groups.问题2选
10、项A.recruitmentB.formal election processC.specific leadership trainingD.traditional cultural patterns问题3选项A.Person who is an effective leader of a particular group may not be an effective leader in another group.B.Few people succeed in sharing a leadership role with another person.C.A person can best
11、 learn how to be an effective leader by studying research on leadership.D.Most people desire to be leaders but can produce little evidence of their qualifications.问题4选项A.few people qualify as “natural leaders”B.there is no proof that “natural leaders” existC.“natural leaders” are easily accepted by
12、the members of a groupD.“natural leaders” share a similar set of characteristics问题5选项A.ensuring harmonious relationshipsB.sharing responsibility with group membersC.identifying new leadersD.achieving a goal【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.主旨大意题。本篇主要讨论不同的领导者（如instrumental leaders以及expressive leader
13、s）在不同的社会群体中所充当的角色和发挥的功能，所以D选项“领导在社会群体中的作用”符合题意。A选项“领导者面临的问题”和B选项“领导能力在小群体和大群体中的区别”以及C选项“社会群体如何决定谁将领导他们”文章都没有提及。因此D选项正确。2.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段“In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. （在家庭中，传统的文化模式赋予父母一方或双方领导地位）”由此可知D选项“传统的文化模式”说法正确；以及“In larger gro
14、ups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.（在较大的群体中，领导人通常是通过选举或招聘正式选出的。）”，由此可知A选项“招聘”；B选项“正式的选举程序”文中也有提到；只有C选项“具体的领导力培训”与该题无关，因此C选项正确。3.判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段，第二段的大意为：领导者没有一个固定的特点，只是符合了一个特定群体需要的人就有可能成为该群体的领导者。A选项“某一特定群体的有效领导者，不一定就可以成为另一群体的有效领导者”符合题意；B选项“很少有人能成功地与他人分享领导角色”和
15、C选项“一个人通过学习领导力的研究能更好的学习如何成为一个有效的领导者”文章第二段均未提到；D选项“许多人想成为领导者，但却很少能拿出证据来证明他们具有这样的资格”曲解了文章意思，不符合题意，因此A选项正确。4.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“.decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of natural leaders.（数十年来的研究并不能找出可靠证据来证明哪些人可以成为天生领导者）”，所以B选项“没有证据表明天生的领导者存在”符合题意。A选项
16、“很少有人称得上是天生的领导者”；C选项“天生的领导者很容易被群体成员接受”；D选项“天生的领导者有一组相似的特征”都与文章意思不符，因此B选项正确。5.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第三段“Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group.（工具型领导是一种强调社会群体完成任务的领导方式）”，由此可知工具型领导通常关注的是实现目标，所以D选项“实现目标”符合题意。A选项“确保和谐关系”；B选项“与小组成员分享责任”；C选项“确定新的领导者”说法都不正确。因此D选项正确。
