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1、2022年考博英语-西安建筑科技大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题These continual（ ）in temperature make it impossible to decide what to wear.问题1选项A.alterationsB.vibrationsC.wavesD.fluctuations【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。选项alteration“修改，改变；变更”；vibration“振动；振荡；颤抖”；wave“波浪；挥手示意”；fluctuation“起伏，浮动；动荡；动摇”。句意：温度上的这些持续起伏让人无法决定穿什么衣服。根据句中“make
2、 it impossible to decide what to wear让人无法决定穿什么衣服”可知“起伏”符合语境，因此D选项正确。2. 单选题The coalition parties have asked the government to consider using more funds to help support the ailing market.问题1选项A.rapidly expandingB.steadily improvingC.making changesD.having difficulties【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。横线单词ailing意为“生病的，
3、身体不舒服的；病态的；处境困难的”；A选项“rapidly expanding”意为“迅速扩大的”；B选项“steadily improving”意为“稳定提高的”；C选项“making changes”意为“交换；更改”；D选项“having difficulties”意为“有困难的”。句意：联合政党已要求政府考虑动用更多资金，帮助支撑低迷的市场。由题干可知，the government to consider using more funds to help support the market（政府考虑动用更多资金帮助支撑市场），可以推测出市场的情况不好，出现了困难。由此可知，ailin
4、g在此处最可能是“处境困难的”的意思。因此D选项符合题意。3. 单选题Henry was the only one who knew how to cook because he had _in the kitchen when he was a boy.问题1选项A.helped aboutB.helped outC.helped withD.helped up【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项“helped about”意为“就帮忙”；B选项“helped out”意为“帮助摆脱困难；帮忙”；C选项“helped with”意为“帮某人做；在某方面帮助”；D选项“helped up”意
5、为“把（某人）扶起来，帮助（某人）往上搬东西”。句意：亨利是唯一会做饭的人，因为他小时候在厨房里帮过忙。由题干可知，Henry was the only one who knew how to cook（亨利是唯一会做饭的人），所以可以推测出亨利小时候在厨房帮过忙。因此B选项符合题意。4. 单选题Artificial diamond is indistinguishable from genuine one, but much cheaper.问题1选项A.differential inB.indifferent toC.differentiable fromD.identical to【答案
6、】D【解析】考查短语辨析。横线单词indistinguishable from意为“难以分辨，别无二致”；A选项“differential in”意为“在有差别的”；B选项“indifferent to”意为“不在乎；对漠不关心”；C选项“differentiable from”意为“区别于”；D选项“identical to”意为“同一的，同样的；和相同”。句意：人造钻石与真钻石难以区别，但便宜得多。由题干可知，but是表转折的并列连词。but后是便宜得多，如果人造钻石和真钻石有区别的话，构不成转折的关系，所以此处表达的是人造钻石和真钻石难以区分，但是还便宜得多。由此可知，indisting
7、uishable from在此处最可能是“难以分辨”的意思。因此D选项符合题意。5. 单选题In 1982, Hitachi was indicted for stealing confidential documents from IBM. As part of a court settlement, the company paid IBM hundreds of millions of dollars.问题1选项A.condemned forB.accused ofC.disciplined forD.disapproved of【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。be indicted f
8、or“因被指控”；A选项be condemned for“因被谴责”；B选项be accused of“被指控”；C选项be disciplined for“因受到处分或惩罚”；D选项be disapproved of doing sth.的搭配不存在。句意：1982年，日立被指控从IBM窃取机密文件。作为法庭和解的一部分，该公司向IBM支付了数亿美元。题干说到“a court settlement庭外和解”，可推知indicted for在这里有“因被指控”的意思，因此B选项正确。6. 不定项选择题Most Americans believe that our society of cons
9、umption-happy, fun-living, jet-traveling people creates the greatest happiness for the greatest number. Contrary to this view, I believe that our present way of life leads to increasing anxiety, helplessness and, eventually, to the disintegration of our culture. I refuse to identify fun with pleasur
10、e, excitement with joy, business with happiness, or the faceless, buck-passing “organization man” with an independent individual.From this critical view our rates of alcoholism, suicide and divorce, as well as juvenile delinquency, gang rule, acts of violence and indifference to life, are characteri
11、stic symptoms of our “pathology of normalcy”. It may be argued that all these pathological phenomena exist because we have not yet reached our aim, that of an affluent society. It is true, we are still far from being an affluent society. But the material progress made in the last decades allows us t
12、o hope that our system might eventually produce a materially affluent society. Yet will we be happier then? The example of Sweden, one of the most prosperous, democratic and peaceful European countries, is not very encouraging: Sweden, as is often pointed out, in spite of all its material security h
13、as among the highest alcoholism and suicide rates in Europe, while a much poorer country like Ireland ranks among the lowest in these respects. Could it be that our dream that material welfare per se leads to happiness is just a pipe dream?Certainly the humanist thinkers of the eighteenth and ninete
14、enth centuries, who are our ideological ancestors, thought that the goal of life was the full unfolding of a persons potentialities, what mattered to them was the person who is much, not the one who has much or uses much. For them economic production was a means to the unfolding of man, not an end.
15、It seems that today the means have become ends, that not only “God is dead” as Nietzsche said in the nineteenth century, but also man is dead; that what is alive are the organizations, the machines; and that man has become their slave rather than being their master.Each society creates its own type of personality by its way of bringing up children in the family, by its system of education, by its effective values (that is those values that are rewarded rather than only preached). Every society creates the type of “social character” w
