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1、当代流行语研究_构成类型、语义特征和语用顺应 湘潭大学 硕士学位论文 当代流行语研究:构成类型、语义特征和语用顺应 姓名：赵莎莎 申请学位级别：硕士 专业：外国语语言学及应用语言学 指导教师：曾葡初 20080429 Descriptive Chinese Abstract 摘 要 流行语是一种普遍存在的社会语言现象，反映一定社会时期的政治、经济、科技、 文化和生活的特征。流行语自 20 世纪 80 年代始受到我国语言学界的关注，成为语言工 作者尤其是词典编纂者和语言学家讨论的热门话题。综观已发表的论文和论著，目前研 究者对流行语的研究多集中在对流行语的收集上，出版了数种多学科集合性或单学科分
2、 立性的流行语词典；另有学者从修辞学、社会学等角度研究流行语的特征或研究某一语 言社团的流行语，如校园流行语、青年流行语等。本文侧重研究我国改革开放以来的当 代流行语及其构成类型、语义特征和语用顺应。 本研究从网络、报刊、杂志以及相关论文等中搜集流行语，并通过问卷调查将确认 的流行语作为语料，运用词汇学、语义学和维什尔伦语用综观的顺应论对当代流行语这 一语言现象进行分析，揭示当代流行语的构成类型，语义特征和生成中的语用顺应，总 结其的生成规律，以提高我们认知当代流行语这一社会语言事实的能力，并通过当代流 行语这一语言现象，更好地了解人类进步和社会发展的规律。 本文在阐述当代流行语基本定义和特征
3、的基础上，基于所收集到的语料分析了当代 流行语的构成类型，揭示出当代流行语的基本构成可分为三种类型：利用本民族语言的 要素创造出的新词；借入其它民族的词汇和本民族已有语汇。根据对所收集语料的定量 分析，本文作者发现：本民族已有语汇构成的流行语所占比重最大；新造词中合成词是 最重要的构词类型；借入的其它民族的词汇和方言比重较大；大众媒体的传播和赋予旧 词新意是流行语生成的两大手段。在此基础上，本研究进而分析了当代流行语的语义特 征，总结出其八个语义特征：语义透明、语义形象、语义泛化、语义模糊、语义特殊化、 语义别解和语法意义及感情意义的改变。最后，本研究运用维什尔伦语用综观的顺应论， 将当代流行
4、语的生成看作是一种语言的顺应过程。流行语的生成顺应表现为人们对政治 经济格局的变化，对科学技术的进步以及更加和谐自由的人际关系的顺应，对人们新的 思想观念，类推的思维方式以及社会个体心理需求的顺应和对大众文化以及流行文化的 顺应。 当代流行语及其生成是人类对当代社会、心理、文化因素顺应做出语言选择的结果。 随着社会的发展，越来越多的流行语将不断涌现，因此，掌握对其的认知规律有助我们 学习和运用流行语。当代流行语具有深刻的社会属性，是当代社会心理的表征和社会文 化的反映，其构成，使用和传播必然体现语言词汇体系自身的特点与发展趋势。因此， 当代流行语的研究具有语言学、社会学和文化学的价值。 关键词
5、：当代流行语；构成类型；语义特征；语用顺应 i English Abstract Abstract Catchwords are a kind of common phenomenon both in language and society, which reflect features of politics, economy, science, technology,culture and peoples life. Catchwords have attracted the attention ofChinese scholars since 1980s and became the
6、hot topic of researchers especially lexicographers and linguists. Up to now, researches on catchwords are mainly concentrated on theection coll of catchwords, which results in the appearance of several comprehensive and categorized dictionaries. There are also linguists studying catchwords from the
7、perspectives ofrhetoric and sociologyor studying catchwords in a certain language community, suchcatchwords as on campus, chwords cat used by the youth. This thesis focuses on the study of catchwords appearing after thepolicy of reform and opening to the outside in China concerning their formationyp
8、es, t semantic features and pragmatic adaptation. The data are collected mainly from network, newspapers, magazines and the related theses. Those testified throughquestionnaire to be catchwordsare involved in this paper. Based on the data, this research makes a systematic study of contemporary catch
9、words at the lexical, semantic and pragmatic levels in terms of theories concerning word formation, semantics and Verschueren adaptation theory. It aims to explore the formation types, semantic features and pragmatic adaptation of contemporary catchwords and conclude the rules in their creation with
10、 the hope that our ability to perceive and understand contemporary catchwords can be improved and further more the rules onthe development of human and society can be better understood through the analysis of contemporary catchwords. After the definition and features of contemporary catchwords, this
11、 paper explores the formation types of contemporarycatchwords into three groupsof newly created catchwords, those borrowed from foreign languages and those stemming from existent Chinese words and expressions. Based on a quantitative study on the data collected, features of catchwords formation can
12、be concluded in the followings as: the amount of those stemming from existent is the largest of all the three main types;compounding is the most important way of word formation in the newly created catchwords;the amount of borrowings and dialects is relatively large; mass media and attaching newmean
13、ing to old word are proved to be two important tools for catchwords creation. Then the semantic features are analyzed, which fall into transparency, visualization and vividness, generalization, vagueness, specialization, interpretation, change of grammatical meaning and change of affective meaning. At last, the creation of catchwords is con
