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1、2022年考博英语-云南大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题Three million people died of AIDS in 2000. As the pandemic grows, it forces the world to see what it may not want to see: that diseases arising among specific populationsprostitutes (known to HIV/AIDS specialists as “sex workers”)and their customers, drug users,
2、and gay mencan flare into greater pandemics; that women in the developing world have little leverage to negotiate safe sex with their partners and are often abused for trying, that poverty, more than any single factor, drives the spread of AIDS by forcing young people into sex work or, as in Eastern
3、 Europe, leading them to the trap of injecting drugs; and that rich nations are often insensitive to the health problems of impoverished ones. Ninety-four out of every hundred HIV infected people live in developing nations, where currently available drug therapies are largely unaffordable. While suc
4、h medicines do not prevent infection, they do lower the level of virus in the body and may, according to some experts, thus reduce transmission rates. Many public health officials say that the drugs coupled with prevention programs in developing nations could slow the pace of the pandemic.Debate ove
5、r social and economic issues surrounding AIDS lay years away when the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevent (CDCP) sounded the first alarm in June 1981. That month the agency issued a warning about an unusual cellular-immune dysfunction found in “five previously healthy individuals without a cl
6、inically apparent underlying immunodeficiency， and a year later, the term AIDS was coined. As the disease took on the dimensions of a plague, it swept away notions that great pandemics belong to history. It added to the understanding that an exotic family of viruses called retroviruses, more commonl
7、y seen in animals, could infect humans and cause disease. And it confirmed growing data that viruses could cause cancer in humans.Some 20 years later “we know more about HIV than we know about any microbe ever studied.” says Robert Gallo, who headed the National Institutes of Health (NIH) team that
8、contributed to the discovery of HIV in 1984. But we still dont understand exactly how the virus causes disease.HIV seems full of contradictions, it can overwhelm the human immune system, yet the virus itself is fragile. Cold viruses linger on hands, and sometimes for days on doorknobs, but fresh air
9、 dries and destabilizes HIV in hours or even minutes. Contact with rubbing alcohol chlorinated water quickly renders it inactive. Simple bar soap neutralizes HIV by breaking the chemical bonds of its lipids, or fats. And because so few cases of oral transmission have been documented, doctors conclud
10、ed that the same antiviral compounds in saliva and stomach acids that protect us from a host of germs prove very effective against HIV in low concentrations.Once a person is infected with HIV, however, the virus attacks the very immune cells, called T cells, meant to fight it. “Think about trying to
11、 invade a fortress,” said Gary Nabel, director of NIHs Vaccines Research Center. “Would you start by setting off a grenade in front? No. You would sneak in quietly, penetrate the nucleus, and sit there. Youd clone yourself. Youd make lots of copies. Then when an opportune occasion came along, when t
12、here was a lot of commotion and people were distracted, youd say, Boom! Here I go.“Thats what HIV does， says Nabel. During a period of typically eight to ten years HIV lurks in the body, mutating rapidly that thus avoiding recognition. It reproduces massively, and waits. Finally, at the introduction
13、 of a disease that an unimpaired immune system would normally controltuberculosis or pneumonia for examplethe immune system is overcome by HIV so that it cannot fight and the disease kills.1.“Sex workers” in the text means （ ）.2.Whats the main factor to make AIDS spread?3.The term AIDS was created i
14、n （ ）.4.Which statement is TRUE?5.What makes HIV so successful from its perspective?问题1选项A.AIDS specialistsB.Doctors dealing with sex diseaseC.drug usersD.street girls问题2选项A.Using drugsB.The povertyC.No medicine to prevent infectionD.Rich nations are often insensitive to AIDS.问题3选项A.June 1982B.June
15、1981C.In the year when CDCP sounded the first alarmD.In the 18th century问题4选项A.The HIV virus itself is strong.B.It is hard to get rid of cold virus on door knobsC.Saliva could make HIV inactiveD.Soap is not useful for us to fight against HIV.问题5选项A.it started by setting off a grenade in front.B.it c
16、ould stay in the body less than 4 hoursC.it would move quickly in the body.D.It would enter the body quietly, go through the nucleus and stayed there【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:A第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.词汇题。题干询问“性工作者”在文中是什么意思？根据文章第一段第二句“prostitutes （known to HIV/AIDS specialists as “sex workers”） 妓女(艾滋病毒/艾滋病专家称为“性工作者”)”，确定题目的sex w
