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1、翻译的再生：诗歌翻译中文化交流的三个案例研翻译的再生：诗歌翻译中文化交流的三个案例研究Afterlife in Translation: Research into Three Cultural Communicative Cases in Poetry Translation【作者】罗春霞；【导师】蒋洪新；【作者基本信息】湖南师范大学，英语语言文学，2003 ， 硕士【摘要】 本文以比较文学理论和功能翻译理论为基础，对诗歌翻译中的三个案例进行了分析研究： (1) 中国古典诗歌对日本俳句的影响。中国诗的输入帮助日本创建诗歌形式并不断促进其发展，俳句在继承了中国诗歌传统的同时，有其独特之处：形式
2、更精炼 ( 三言十七音 ) ；题材更狭窄 ( 描景状怀 ) ；审美更纤细( “哀婉之美” ) 。 (2) 日本俳句和中国古典诗歌对西方意象主义诗歌运动的影响。俳句的译入搭建了西方关注中国诗的桥梁。意象主义运动在东方诗歌里寻求到理论的支持，东方译诗对意象主义诗歌运动最大的影响是意象的运用、句法的切割和并置。这种影响挖掘了英语语言表达的潜能、拓宽了西方的审美空间：西方诗歌打破了其语法细分、逻辑严密的表达方式，以及温情主义和理性主义的审美传统，开始引进东方语言凝练、含蓄的表达方式，以及“以物观物”、“天人合一”的审美体系。意象主义运动开辟了西方现代主义诗歌的先河。 (3) 西方各国诗歌对现代中国白话
3、文、白话诗的影响。意象主义诗歌原则帮助胡适诗学观点的形成，启动了中国现代白话文、白话诗的革命。而西方大量译诗的介入大大促进了中国新诗的建设，使中国新诗出现了前所未有的盛况：白话形式自由体，主题人文化，创作方法的多样化及审美的多元化。诗歌的革命引发了一场规模更为浩大的文化革命和社会革命。 文章通过对这三个案例的分析，论述了源语诗歌通过翻译使语言媒体在译语里发生改变，从而促进译语诗歌的革新而实现文化的交流。并且进一步以功能翻译理论为基础讨论翻译过程中影响这种革新的一些动态的文化因素：如诗歌的可译性决定了源诗信息量的传递；文化的内在需求决定了译者对诗歌翻译的操纵：文本解读、目的取向和方法选择；译语读
4、者的接受倾向决定了源语和译语诗歌融合的程度以及译语诗歌发展的方向。最后得出结论：诗歌的再生是通过翻译过程中的一些动态的文化因素实现的。并且以点带面，证明了翻译在跨文化的交流和发展中起着非常重要的作用，所以必须加强翻译建设，推动我国文化发展，促进世界文化繁荣。 本文的创新性在于以文学比较作为手段，对三个案例进行梳理分析，以点带而，探词一翻译理论，并从中得出结论。文章除前言和结论部分，共分两个章节，第一章是对三个案例的分析，第二章是关于翻译的思考。更多还原【 Abstract 】 This paper, based on the comparative literary theory and th
5、e Functional Translating Theory, makes research into three cultural communicative cases in poetry translation: (i) Influence of the classical Chinese poetry on the Japanese Haiku. Chinese poetry helps Japan establish poetic form and helps it develop all the way. Haiku inherits Chinese poetic traditi
6、on but has its uniqueness: condensed form (3 lines with 17 syllables); narrow subjects (description of natural scenes to express emotion); slender aesthetics (the beauty of sadness and circumbendibus), (ii) Influence of Japanese Haiku and Chinese classical poetry on the Western Imagist Poetry Moveme
7、nt. Haiku plays the role of bridge between the western poetry and Chinese poetry. The Imagism finds support in the oriental poetry for itspoetic theory. The biggest influence of the oriental translation on the Imagism lies in the usage of image, space and juxtaposition of syntax. This influence help
8、s extend the expressive capacity of English language and widens the horizon of the western aesthetics: English breaks the conventional linear syntax, which is good at elaboration and classification, and the traditional aesthetics, the sentimentalism and rationalism, it begins to accommodate the orie
9、ntal expression: brevity and implicity, and the oriental aesthetics: to view objects as the objects watch themselves and loss of self in nature to which man is united, etc. The Imagist Poetry Movement opens the door to the Western Modern Poetry, (iii) Influence of the western poetry on the Vernacula
10、r Language Reformation and the New Poetry Movement in China. The Imagist principles help Hu Shih form his poetic idea, which leads to the revolution in language and poetry. The transmission of the western poetry helps to establish and develop Chinese New Poetry, which is made very prosperous: vernac
11、ular language, free form, humane subjects, various writings and diverse aesthetics, etc. The poetry reformation raises a larger scale ofcultural and social revolution. Byanalyzing the three cases, thepaper discusses that translation plays a role in poetry reformationby changing the language medium f
12、rom the source-poetry into thetarget-poetry, and therefore realizes the trans-culturalcommunication. It further discusses some dynamic cultural elementsthat causes the poetry reformation during the translating process:the translatability of poetry determines the quantity of informationtransferred fr
13、om the source-poetry into the target-poetry; theinterior requirement of a culture determines the translatorsmanipulation in intelligent reading, fixing purpose and selectingmethods in their translation; the receptors tendency determines theblending degree of the source-poetry into the target-poetry,
14、 anddecides the developing way of the target-poetry, etc. From thediscussions above, a conclusion is drawn: the poetry realizes itsafterlife in translation through some dynamic cultural elements. Thepaper uses the analysis in poetry to promote work in the wholecultural area, to prove that translatio
15、n plays an important role intrans-cultural communication and development.The creativity of thispaper lies in exploring translating theory by using literarycomparative method to analyze three cultural communicative cases intranslation, from which a conclusion is drawn. There are two chaptersaltogether, as well as the Introduction and the Conclusiono The firstchapter deals with three case studies, and the second chapter dealswith reflection on translation.更多还原【关键词】 中国古典诗歌； 日本俳句； 意象主义诗歌； 白话诗； 翻译；革新； 文化交流；【 Ke
