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1、2022年考博英语-中国艺术研究院考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题These problems are（ ）examples in the effort to avoid the inevitable effects of shortsighted fiscal planning in the future.问题1选项A.representativeB.aberrantC.insignificantD.illuminating【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项 representative“典型的”；B选项aberrant“异常的”；C选项insignificant“
2、无关紧要的”；D选项illuminating“照亮的，启蒙的”。句意：这些问题是典型的例子，为了努力避免未来目光短浅的财政规划所带来不可避免的影响。选项A符合语境。2. 单选题The psychologist cited several instances of insubordinate behavior.问题1选项A.neglectedB.worriedC.mentionedD.reduced【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。根据句意：心理学家几个不服从行为的例子。cite指的是引用，列举。A选项neglect“忽略，忽视”；B选项worry“担心”；C选项mention“提及，谈到”；D选
3、项reduce“减少，缩小”。选项C代入后最符合语境。3. 单选题Some research workers completely（ ）all those facts as though they never existed.问题1选项A.ignoreB.leaveC.refuseD.miss【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项ignore“忽略”；B选项leave“离开”；C选项refuse“拒绝”；D选项miss“错过”。句意：有些研究人员完全忽略了所有的这些事实，就好像它们根本不存在一样。选项A符合语境。4. 单选题It is hard to get any agreement on
4、the precise meaning of the term social class. In everyday life, people tend to have a different approach to those they consider their equals from that which they assume with people they consider higher or lower than themselves in the social scale. The criteria we use to place a new acquaintance, how
5、ever, are a complex mixture of factors. Dress, way of speaking, area of residence in a given city or province, education and manners all play a part.In the eighteenth-century one of the first modern economists, Adam Smith, thought that the whole annual produce of the land and labor of every country
6、provided revenue to “three different orders of people: Those who live by rent, those who live by wages, those who live by profit. Each successive stage of the industrial revolution, however, made the social structure more complicated.Many intermediate groups grew up during the nineteenth-century bet
7、ween the upper middleclass and the working class. There were small-scale industrialists as well as large ones, small shopkeepers and tradesmen, officials and salaried employees, skilled and unskilled workers, and professional men such as doctors and teachers. Farmers and peasants continued in all co
8、untries as independent groups.During the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries the possession of wealth inevitably affected a persons social position. Intelligent industrialists with initiative made fortunes by their wits which lifted them into an economic group far higher than their working-clas
9、s parents. But they lacked the social training of the upper class, who despised them as the new rich.They often sent their sons and daughters to special schools to acquire social training. Here their children mixed with the children of the upper classes were accepted by them, and very often found ma
10、rriage partners from among them. In the same way, a thrifty, hard-working labourer, though not clever enough himself, might save for his son enough to pay for an extended secondary school education in the hope that he would move into a white-collar occupation, carrying with it a higher salary and mo
11、ve up in the social scale.In the twentieth century the increased taxation of higher incomes, the growth of the social services, and the wider development of educational opportunity have considerably altered the social outlook. The upper classes no longer are the sole, or even the main possessors of
12、wealth, power and education, though inherited social position still carries considerable prestige.Many people today are hostile towards class distinctions and privileges and hope to achieve a classless society. The trouble is that as one inequality is removed, another tends to take its place, and th
13、e best that has as far been attempted is a society in which distinctions are elastic and in which every member has fair opportunities for making the best of his abilities.1. How do we place people in society in relation to ourselves, according to the text?2. Adam Smiths social make-up was invalidate
14、d by（ ）.3. Which class do small shopkeepers and tradesmen belong to?4. Which of the following statements does NOT truly describe the new rich?5. What happened to the class differences in the twentieth century?问题1选项A.Mainly by their way of speaking.B.According to the place where they were born.C.Acco
15、rding to a complex mixture of factors.D.By regarding them inferior to ourselves.问题2选项A.the growing-up of upper middleclassB.the successive stages of the industrial revolutionC.the influence of the working classD.the inheritance of social positions问题3选项A.working classB.middleclassC.upper classD.upper middleclass问题4选项A.They sent their children to special schools to receive education.B.They were lack of social training of the aristocracy.C.They were often men of initiative and intelligence.D.They did not allow their children to
