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1、2022年考博英语-武汉理工大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 翻译题Transport has always shaped cities. In Medieval times, crossroads gave birth to thriving market towns. Venice was built up around its canals, Industrial Britains development followed the route of railways and waterways. Many North American cities were create
2、d for the car. But how are the cities of today being shaped by a need for more sustainable transport? Cities are now home to over half of the global population, and have a large role to play in reducing carbon emissions and improving air quality. This will need new technologies and new ways of organ
3、izing cities, alongside efficiency gains. Many local governments are accelerating change through policy initiatives such as integrated transport, congestion charges and low emission zones, sustainable procurement and lifecycle costing, and opening data up to companies and academics. And these city l
4、evel policies can move markets in more sustainable directions. For example, London is requiring all newly licensed taxis to be zero-emission capable from 2018. This has resulted in five vehicle manufacturers committing to meeting that deadline, which is both in their own commercial interests and goo
5、d for the environment.【答案】交通总是塑造着城市。在中世纪，十字路口孕育了繁荣的集镇。威尼斯建在运河周围，英国工业的发展沿着铁路和水路。许多北美城市都是为汽车而建的。但是，对可持续交通的需求是如何塑造今天的城市的呢？城市现在居住着全球一半以上的人口，在减少碳排放和改善空气质量方面发挥着重要作用。这将需要新技术和组织城市的新方法，以及效率的提高。许多地方政府正在通过诸如综合交通、拥堵费和低排放区、可持续采购和生命周期成本、以及向企业和学术界开放数据等政策举措加速变革。这些城市层面的政策可以推动市场向更可持续的方向发展。例如，伦敦要求所有新获得牌照的出租车从2018年起必须具
6、备零排放能力。这导致五家汽车制造商承诺在最后期限前完成，这既符合它们自身的商业利益，也有利于环境。2. 单选题Originally, plastic was hailed for its potential to reduce humankinds heavy environmental footprint. The earliest plastic were invented as substitutes for shrinking supplies of natural materials like ivory or tortoiseshell. Today, plastic is per
7、ceived as natures nemesis. But a generic distaste for plastic can muddy our thinking about the trade-offs involved when we replace plastic with other materials.Take plastic bags, the emblem for all bad things. They clog storm drains, tangle up recycling equipment, litter parks and beaches and threat
8、en wildlife on land and at sea. Such problems have fueled bans on bags around the world and in more than a dozen American cities. Unfortunately, the bans typically lead to a huge increase in the use of paper bags, which also have environmental drawbacks. In other words, plastics arent necessarily ba
9、d for the environment; its the way we make and use them thats the problem.Its estimated that half of the nearly 600 billion pounds of plastics produced each, year go into single-use products. Some are indisputably valuable, like disposable syringes, which have been a great ally in preventing the spr
10、ead of infectious diseases like HIV and even plastic water bottles, which, after diseases like the Japanese tsunami, are critical to saving lives. Yet many disposables, like the bags, drinking straws and packaging commonly found in beach clean-ups, are essentially prefab litter with a heavy environm
11、ental cost.And theres another cost. Pouring so much plastic into disposable conveniences has helped to diminish our view of a family of materials we once held in high esteem. Plastic has become synonymous with cheap and worthless, when in fact those chains of hydrocarbons ought to be regarded as amo
12、ng the most valuable substances on the planet. If we understood plastics true worth, we would stop wasting it on trivial throwaways and take better advantage of what this versatile material can do for us.In a world of nearly seven billion souls and counting, we are not going to feed, clothe and hous
13、e ourselves solely from wood, ore and stone; we need plastics. And in an era when were concerned about our carbon footprint, we can appreciate that lightweight plastics take less energy to produce and transport than many other materials.Yet we cant hope to achieve plastics promise for the 21st centu
14、ry if we stick with wasteful 20th century habits of plastic production and consumption. We have the technology to make better and safer plastics-forged from renewable sources, rather than finite fossil fuels, using chemicals that inflict minimal or no harm on the planet and our health.1. From the re
15、sults of banning plastic bags, we learn that _.2. What do we know about the single-use plastic products from the third paragraph?3. The author believes that people would stop wasting plastic if they _.4. Lightweight plastics enjoy great advantage over other materials in that that they are _.5. Whats
16、 the authors attitude towards the future of plastic?问题1选项A.better materials are still to be found to replace plastic bagsB.the way of making and using plastic bags matters a lotC.plastic bags really cause many environmental problemsD.the bans on plastic bags greatly boost the paper industry问题2选项A.Plastic bags account for only a small part.B.They are all indispensable in emerg
