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1、2022-2023年考博英语-桂林理工大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题In the 1920s demand for American farm products fell, as European countries began to recover from World War I and instituted austerity (紧缩) programs to reduce their imports. The result was a sharp drop in farm prices. This period was more disastrous for farmers
2、than earlier times had been, because farmers were no longer self-sufficient. They were paying for machinery, seed, and fertilizer, and they were also buying consumer goods. The prices of the items farmers bought remained constant, while prices they received for their products fell. These development
3、s were made worse by the Great Depression, which began in 1929 and extended throughout the 1939s.In 1929, under President Herbert Hoover, the Federal Farm Board was organized. It established the principle of direct interference with supply and demand, and it represented the first national commitment
4、 to provide greater economic stability for farmers.President Hoovers successor attached even more importance to this problem. One of the first measures proposed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt when he took office in 1933 was the Agricultural Adjustment Act, which was subsequently passed by Congre
5、ss. This law gave the Secretary of Agriculture the power to reduce production through voluntary agreements with farmers who were paid to take their land out of use. A deliberate scarcity of farm products was planned in an effort to raise prices. This law was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme
6、Court on the grounds that general taxes were being collected to pay one special group of people. However, new laws were passed immediately that achieved the same result of resting soil and providing flood-control measures, but which were based on the principle of soil conservation. The Roosevelt Adm
7、inistration believed that rebuilding the nations soil was in the national interest and was not simply a plan to help farmers at the expense of other citizens. Later the government guaranteed loans to farmers so that they could buy farm machinery, hybrid (杂交) grain, and fertilizers.1. What brought ab
8、out the decline in the demand for American farm products?2. The chief concern of the American government in the area of agriculture in the 1920s was_.3. The Agricultural Adjustment Act encouraged American farmers to_.4. The Supreme Court rejected the Agricultural Adjustment Act because it believed t
9、hat the Act_.5. It was claimed that the new laws passed during the Roosevelt Administration were aimed at_.问题1选项A.The impact of the Great Depression.B.The shrinking of overseas markets.C.The destruction caused by the First World War.D.The increased exports of European countries.问题2选项A.to increase fa
10、rm productionB.to establish agricultural lawsC.to prevent farmers from going bankruptD.to promote the mechanization of agriculture问题3选项A.reduce their scale of productionB.make full use of their landC.adjust the prices of their farm productsD.be self-sufficient in agricultural production问题4选项A.might
11、cause greater scarcity of farm productsB.didnt give the Secretary of Agriculture enough powerC.would benefit neither the government nor the farmersD.benefited one group of citizens at the expense of others问题5选项A.reducing the cost of farmingB.conserving soil in the long-term interest of the nationC.l
12、owering the burden of farmersD.helping farmers without shifting the burden onto other taxpayers【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到第一段第一句In the 1920s demand for American farm products fell, as European countries began to recover from World War I and instituted austerity programs to
13、reduce their imports.“在1920年代对美国农产品的需求下降，欧洲国家开始从第一次世界大战中恢复和制定紧缩项目以减少进口”，第二步综合理解，由此可知是欧洲对从战后恢复过来了对美国的农产品需求减少了，所以B选项“海外市场的萎缩”正确。A选项“大萧条的影响”，定位到第一段最后一句话These developments were made worse by the Great Depression“大萧条使这些发展变得更糟”，从这里大萧条使情况变糟，这不是美国农产品对外出口减少的原因，这里属于出处错误；C选项“第一次世界大战造成的破坏”，见正确解析，是一战的影响导致欧洲需要进口美
14、国的农产品从而美国农业发展起来了，而不是一战造成的破坏使美国农业出口量下降，这里属于反向干扰；D选项“欧洲国家出口的增加”；文章没有提及，这里属于无中生有。2.推理判断题。第一步，寻找句内线索，定位到第二段第二句话It established the principle of direct interference with supply and demand, and it represented the first national commitment to provide greater economic stability for farmers“它确立了直接干预供求关系的原则，并代
15、表了第一个为农民提供更大经济稳定性的国家承诺”，第二步，寻找上下文线索，经济稳定性就暗含着国家兜底保护农民免于破产之灾，所以C选项“防止农民破产”正确。A选项“增加农业生产”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；B选项“制定农业法律”，见文章正确选项分析，从这里可知美国政府的主要考虑是为了保障农民的经济的稳定性而不是为了立法，立法只是实现经济稳定的手段，所以B选项错误，这里属于偷换概念；D选项“推进农业机械化”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。3.事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到第三段第三四句This law gave the Secretary of Agriculture the power to
16、 reduce production through voluntary agreements with farmers who were paid to take their land out of use. A deliberate scarcity of farm products was planned in an effort to raise prices.“这项法律赋予农业部长通过与农民自愿达成协议来减少产量的权力，这些农民收取费用让他们停止使用自己的土地。故意造成农产品短缺是为了提高价格”，第二步，综合理解，从这里可知农业调整法案鼓励美国农民减产，所以答案选A选项“减少他们的生产规模”。
