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1、被动语态的用法小结被动语态表示句子的主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系，其句子的谓语动词是“be + 及物动词的过去分词”。此外，被动语态的句子还有各种时态的变化，都体现在be 上。例如： The work was completed on a windy night.This kind of chocolate has been made several times. The road will be built next year. The house was being cleaned when I came home. These trees must be taken good care
2、of.下面我们详细的来了解一下：使用被动语态的场合1、 不知道或不必指出动作的执行者时。如：Computers are widely used in transport.The house has been broken into.2、 强调动作的承受者时。如：A third ring will be built around this city.3、 出于策略、婉转、礼貌等不提出动作的执行者时。如：Much has been said but little has been done about the issue.4、 有些措词故意避免用主语，或用“有人”、“大家”之类，经常用it作形式主
3、语构成被动语态结构。如：It is said that another steel plant will be set up in this city. 特别记住下列句型：It is hoped that 希望It is supposed that 据推测说It must be pointed out that 必须指出It will be seen that 由此可以看出It is known that 据说It is well known that 众所周知It is believed that 有人相信It is thought that 人们认为主动语态表示被动意义的几种情况：1. l
4、ock, open, shut, move, read, sell, wash, write等动词,用来说明主语的性质特征而不强调被执行者的动作时,用主动形式表达被动意义,且常与not, hardly, well, easily, badly, nicely等副词连用。如:The door doesnt open easily. Bikes of that kind hardly sell.2. weigh, measure, cost, last, break out, take place, happen等状态动词或不及物动词及词组,虽然有被动意义,但要用主动形式。如:The meetin
5、g lasted two hours.3. feel, look, sound, smell, taste, prove, remain等这些比较特殊的系动词,用主动形式表达被动意义。如:His theory sounds reasonable. The dish smells delicious.4. need, want, require等动词以及形容词worth后面,常跟动词-ing形式,用主动形式表达被动意义。如:This dictionary is well worth buying.5. easy, difficult, hard, heavy等形容词后面跟动词不定式,用主动形式表
6、被动意义,并且该不定式与句子的主语须具备逻辑上的动宾关系。如:What life will be like in the future is difficult to predict.6. 不定式作定语,其逻辑主语是句子的主语、间接宾语或说话人时,用动词不定式的主动形式表被动意义。如:She has an old grandfather to look after. Have you any homework to do this evening?7. 主语系动词to do结构也是主动形式表被动意义, 主要用于sth. be to let / rent或sb. be to blame结构中。如
7、:Its not my fault; she is to blame.使用被动语态应该注意的几个问题1、 不定式符号to在被动语态中不可省。The boss made him work overtime.He was made to work overtime.2、 get+过去分词也可构成被动语态像get + married/beaten/broken/damaged/repaired/dressed等构成的被动语态一般指动作的结果，而非动作本身。如：John and Jane get married last month.语法专练1. Customers are asked to make
8、 sure that they _the right change before leaving the shop. (2006重庆)A.will give B. have been given C.have given D.will be given2. The construction of the two new railway lines _by now. (2006陕西)A. has completed B. have completedC. have been completed D. has been completed3. Although the causes of canc
9、er _, we do not yet have any practical way to prevent it. (2006山东)A. are being uncovered B. have been uncovering C. are uncovering D. have uncovered4. Millions of pounds worth of damage _ by a storm which swept across the north of England last night. （2005 重庆）A. has been caused B. had been caused C.
10、 will be caused D. will have been caused.5. Dont you think it necessary that he _ to Miami but to New York? I agree, but the problem is _ he has refused to. （2005江苏）A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; thatC. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what6. What do you think of the speech? T
11、he speaker said almost nothing worth _. A. listening B. being listened to C. listening to D. being listening7. The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people to eat more fruit and vegetables.A. persuade B. will persuade C. be persuaded D. are persuaded8. The car which _ my
12、 cousin was lost last week. A. was belonged to B. belonging to C. was belonging to D. belonged to9. According to the agreement, you must finish the work by this month. Dont worry. Were trying hard and it _ that long. A. doesnt last B. wont last C. wont be lasted D. isnt lasted10. The bank is reporte
13、d in the local newspaper _ in broad daylight yesterday. A. being robbed B. having been robbed C. to have been robbed D. robbed11. _ that he would make greater progress in his study of French. A. He was hoped B. It was hoped C. He is hoped D. It is hoping12. A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift. A. have offered B. has offered C. is offered D. are offered语法专练1-6 BAAABC 7-12 DDBCBC
