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1、英国文学史I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages 贝奥武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-SaxonsEpic: long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated.Artistic features:1. Using alliterationDefinition of a
2、lliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound （头韵）Some examples on P52. Using metaphor and understatementDefinition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled way Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their ide
3、asGeoffery Chaucer 杰弗里乔叟 13401400（首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰德莱顿（John Dryden）称其为“英国诗 歌之父”。代表作坎特伯雷故事集。）The father of English poetry.writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity. 坎特伯雷故事集：first time to use heroic couplet（双韵体）by middle English 罗伊拉斯和克莱希德 声 誉之宫Medieval Ages popular Literary form: Romance（传奇故事）Fa
4、mous three： King ArthurSir Gawain and the Green KnightBeowulfII The Renaissance PeriodA period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance.Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe begin
5、ning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.Three historical events of the Renaissance - rebirth or revival:1. new discoveries in geography and astrology2. the religious reformation and economic expansion3. rediscovery of a
6、ncient Roman and Greek cultureThe most famous dramatists:Christopher MarloweWilliam ShakespeareBen Johnson.1. Edmund Spenser 埃德蒙斯宾塞 15521599(后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。)The poets poet. The first to be buried in the Poets corner of Westerminster Abbey 后(for Queen Elizabeth)The theme is not “Arms and the man”，but s
7、omething more romantic “Fierce wars and faithfull loves”.Artistic features:1. Using Spenserian StanzaDefinition of Spenserian Stanza:a stanza of nine lines ababbcbcc. Eight lines in iambic pentameter, and last line in iambic hexameter. 人日历The theme is to lament over the loss of Rosalind. 爱情小唱？2. Tho
8、mas? More 托马斯?莫尔 14781535One of the greatest English humanists乌托邦3. Francis? Bacon 弗兰西斯培根 15611626(哲学家、散文家；在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断；近代唯物主义哲学 的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。)Philosopher, scientist, lay the foundation for modern science. The first English essayist.?Writing style:brevity, compactness&powerfulness, w
9、ell-arranging and enriching by Biblical allusions, metaphors and philosophy to mans reason. 术的推进 随笔(famous quotas: )?The theme of Of Studies: uses and benefits of study and different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies.4. Ben JonsonM 狸5. Christopher? Marlowe 柯里斯托弗马洛 15641595“Universit
10、y Wits”， the pioneer of English drama（完善了无韵体诗。）Blank verse: written in unrhymed iambic pentameter. 士德博士的悲剧（根据德国民间故事书写成） 木耳大帝？3马耳他的犹太人6. William Shakespeare 威廉莎士比亚 15641616? Historical plays: Henry VI ; Henry IV : Richard III ; Henry V ； Richard II； Henry VIII Four Comedies四大喜剧：皆大欢喜；M 十二夜；仲夏夜之梦； 尼斯商人
11、 Four Tragedies四大悲剧：哈姆莱特； 奥赛罗；李尔王；麦克白 Shakespeare Sonnet :154 Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefggA sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter restricted to a definition rhyme scheme.III The 17th Century1. John Milton 约翰弥尔顿 16081674（诗人、政论家;失明后写失乐园、复乐园、力士参孙。） Epi
12、cs: 乐园 复乐园 Dramatic poem: 士参孙 论出版自由？The Defence of the English People为英国人民声辩 的失明This sonnet is written in iambic pentameter rhymed in abba abba cde cde, typical of Italian sonnet.Its theme is that people use their talent for God, and they serve him best sho can endure the suffering best.2. John Buny
13、an 约翰班扬 16281688（代表作天路历程，宗教寓言，被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”，是英国文学史上里程碑式著 作。与但丁的神曲、奥古斯丁的忏悔录并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。）Puritan poet（清教徒派诗人） Religionary Allegory: 天路历程3. John Donnethe Metaphysical poe t（玄学派诗人）.Metaphysical Poetry（玄 学诗）：（用语）the diction is simple, the imagery is from the actual,形式）the form is frequently an argument with the poet s beloved, with god, or with himself.（主题：love, religious, thought）Artistic features:1. conceits or imagery 奇思妙喻2. syllogism 三段论 Meditations沉思录The Flea 虱子 Songs And SonnetsHoly Sonnets Valediction:IV The 18th CenturyA reviva
