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1、Mechhaniicall EnnginneerringgIntrroduuctiion to Mecchannicaal EEngiineeerinng Mechhaniicall ennginneerringg iss thhe bbrannch of enggineeeriing thaat ddealls wwithh maachiiness annd tthe prooducctioon oof ppoweer. It is parrticculaarlyy coonceerneed wwithh foorcees aand mottionn.Histtoryy off Meecha
2、aniccal EnggineeeriingThe invventtionn off thhe ssteaam eengiine in thee laatteer ppartt off thhe 118thh ceentuury, prroviidinng aa keey ssourrce of powwer forr thhe IInduustrriall Reevollutiion, gaave an enoormoous imppetuus tto tthe devveloopmeent of macchinneryy off alll ttypees. As a rresuult a
3、nnew majjor claassiificcatiion of enggineeeriing, seeparratee frrom civvil enggineeeriing andd deealiing witth ttoolls aand macchinnes, deevellopeed, recceivvingg foormaal rrecoogniitioon iin 118477 inn thhe ffounndinng oof tthe Insstittutiion of Mecchannicaal EEngiineeers in Birrminnghaam, Engglann
4、d.Mechhaniicall ennginneerringg haas eevollvedd frrom thee prractticee byy thhe mmechhaniic oof aan aart bassed larrgelly oon ttriaal aand errror to thee apppliicattionn byy thhe pproffesssionnal enggineeer of thee sccienntiffic metthodd inn reeseaarchh, ddesiign, annd pprodducttionn.The demmandd fo
5、or iincrreassed effficiienccy, in thee wiidesst ssensse, is conntinnuallly raiisinng tthe quaalitty oof wworkk exxpecctedd frrom a mmechhaniicall ennginneerr annd rrequuiriing of himm a higgherr deegreee oof eeduccatiion andd trrainningg. NNot onlly mmustt maachiiness ruun mmoree ecconoomiccallly bb
6、ut cappitaal Coostss allso musst bbe mminiimizzed.Fiellds of Mecchannicaal EEngiineeerinngDeveeloppmennt oof mmachhinees ffor thee prroduuctiion of gooods thee hiigh matteriial staandaard of livvingg inn thhe ddeveelopped couuntrriess owwes mucch tto tthe macchinneryy maade posssibble by mecchannica
7、al eengiineeerinng. Thee meechaaniccal enggineeer conntinnuallly invventts mmachhinees tto pprodducee gooodss annd ddeveelopps mmachhinee tooolss off inncreeasiing acccuraacy andd coompllexiity to buiild thee maachiiness.The priinciipall liiness off deevellopmmentt off maachiinerry hhavee beeen an i
8、nccreaase in thee sppeedd off opperaatioon tto oobtaain higgh rratees oof pprodducttionn, iimprroveemennt iin aaccuuraccy tto oobtaain quaalitty aand ecoonommy iin tthe prooducct, andd minnimiizattionn off opperaatinng ccostts. Theese thrree reqquirremeentss haave ledd too thhe eevollutiion of commp
9、leex cconttroll syysteems.The mosst ssucccesssfull prroduuctiion macchinneryy iss thhat in whiich thee meechaaniccal dessignn off thhe mmachhinee iss clloseely inttegrrateed wwithh thhe cconttroll syysteem, wheetheer tthe lattterr iss meechaaniccal or eleectrricaal iin nnatuure. A moddernn trranssfe
10、rr liine (coonveeyorr) foor tthe mannufaactuure of auttomoobille eengiiness iss a goood eexammplee off thhe mmechhaniizattionn off a commpleex sseriies of mannufaactuurinng pproccessses. Deevellopmmentts aare in hannd tto aautoomatte pprodducttionn maachiinerry ffurttherr, uusinng ccompputeers to st
11、oore andd prroceess thee vaast amoountt off daata reqquirred forr maanuffactturiing a vvariietyy off coompoonennts witth aa smmalll nuumbeer oof vverssatiile macchinne ttoolls. Onee aiim iis aa coomplleteely auttomaatedd maachiine shoop ffor battch prooducctioon, opeerattingg onn a thrree shiift bas
12、sis butt atttenndedd byy a staaff forr onnly onee shhiftt peer dday.Deveeloppmennt oof mmachhinees ffor thee prroduuctiion of powwer PProdducttionn maachiinerry ppressuppposee ann ammplee suupplly oof ppoweer. Thee stteamm ennginne pprovvideed tthe firrst praactiicall meeanss off geenerratiing powwe
13、r froom hheatt too auugmeent thee olld ssourrcess off poowerr frrom mussclee, wwindd, aand watter Onee off thhe ffirsst cchalllenngess too thhe nnew proofesssioon oof mmechhaniicall ennginneerringg waas tto iincrreasse ttherrmall effficciennciees aand powwer; thhis wass doone priinciipallly by thee
14、deevellopmmentt off thhe ssteaam tturbbinee annd aassoociaatedd laargee stteamm booileers. Thhe 220thh ceentuury hass wiitneesseed aa coontiinueed rrapiid ggrowwth in thee poowerr ouutpuut oof tturbbinees ffor driivinng eelecctriic ggeneerattorss, ttogeetheer wwithh a steeadyy inncreeasee inn thherm
15、mal effficiienccy aand redducttionn inn caapittal cosst pper killowaatt of larrge powwer staatioons. Fiinallly, meechaaniccal enggineeerss accquiiredd thhe rresoourcce oof nnucllearr ennerggy, whoose apppliccatiion hass deemanndedd ann exxcepptioonall sttanddardd off reeliaabillityy annd ssafeety invvolvvingg thhe ssoluutioon oof eentiirelly nnew proobleems- Thhe cconttroll syysteems of larrge powwer plaank andd coomplletee nuucleear powwer staatioons havve bbecoome higghlyy soophiistiicatted nettworrks of eleectrroniic, fluuidiic. Eleectrric,
